ERNST. 
402 MR. C. C. LACAITÀ : A REVISION OF 
10. Herb. Smith * ex Herb. Davall. 1802.” 
11. In the Fielding Herbarium at Oxford, an old example sine loco marked 
“ ereticum.” 
These specimens reveal how vague were Solander’s notions of his great 
master’s species of Echium. There are sundry other old specimens at the 
British Museum marked * ereticum ? which are neither creticum of the 
herbarium nor angustifolium, Mill. For instance :— 
a. Herb. Sloane, vol. 198, p. 50, from Petiver’s * Plant:e Rayan’ marked 
** E. eret. latif. rubrum” is E. plantagineum. 
b. Herb. Sloane, vol. 306, p. 154, from Herb. Uvedale, similarly labelled, 
is Æ. lusitanicum (E. Broteri). 
c. Hort. Cliff. labelled ** Æ. creticum latifolium rubrum” and * creticum ” 
is E. plantagineum. 
d. Hort. Cliff., labelled “ Æ. creticum angustifolium rubrum” (though 
identical with the preceding specimen) is also plantagineum. 
(II.) ECHIUM ITALICUM and ECHIUM PYRENAICUM are best dealt with 
together, though I consider them to be quite distinct species, italicum being 
identical with Æ. altissimum, Jacq., but E. pyrenaicum with £. pyramidale, 
Lap. 
The diagnosis of italicum, without the name, first appears in Hort. Ups. 
p. 85 (1748) as X. corollis viz calycem eacedentibus, margine villosis, with three 
synonyms: (1) Æ. majus et asperius flore albo, Bauh. pin. 254. Raj. hist. 498 ; 
(2) Eehii. altera species, Dod. pempt. 631: and (3) Lycopsis Bauh. pin. 255. 
There follows the obs. ** Differt ab chio vulgari, Fl. Suec. 158, foliis palli- 
dioribus, angustioribus, levioribus ; racemis minoribus, corollis cinereis 
s. ceruleo-exalbidis vix calyce longioribus," also “ Habitat in Anglia, Italia. 
Hospitatur in frigidariis, biennis.” The diagnosis and obs. therefore tell us 
that (a) the corollas are small, but exaggerate their smallness, (5) that they 
are villous on the margin, (c) that they are pale, grey or bluish white. 
(a) and (b) admit of any of the forms that have claimed to be italicum of 
Linnzeus, but (c) definitely excludes pyrenaicum, in which the corollas are 
pink, with the beautifully coloured stamens so carefully described in the 
Mantissa and by Lapeyrouse. And it is to be remembered that in both cases 
Linnsus was acquainted with the living plant, so that we are not thrown 
back on the synonyms to so great an extent as in some cases. 
The habitat Italia would cover both altissimum and pyrenaicum, though the 
latter only occurs there within a limited area. Anglia is impossible for 
either*. To the statement biennis I shall refer hereafter. 
To come to the synonyms : (1) C. Bauhin's name is undoubtedly the well- 
* In quoting Anglia, Linnæus only followed a mistake of the old English botanists, which 
I have traced and fully discussed in my paper on the Echia of Miller's ‘Gardener's 
Dictionary.’ 
