SOME CRITICAL SPECIES OF ECHIUM. 431 
Ray, Syn. Meth. Stirp. Brit. p. 75 (1690), only quotes Æ. vulgare for 
England, “nimis etiam frequens," but in the addenda at p. 238 there occurs 
among the plants observed in Jersey by Mr. Sherard, * Lycopsis C. B. 
Echii altera. species Dod. p. 680, cujus ic. hane nostram bene repreesentat. 
In the sandy grounds near St. Hilary plentifully." This means that Ray 
understood Bauhin’s Lycopsis to be the species subsequently known as 
Li. plantagineum, for the Jersey plant is well known to be that kind. It is 
still abundant at St. Helier’s and elsewhere in the island, see Lester-Garland, 
Fl. Jersey, p. 126 (1903). Specimens from Sherard’s locus classicus can be 
seen in Herb. Mus. Brit. and are exactly X. plantagineum, which is figured 
in E. B. tab. 2798 from the Jersey plant under the name of Æ. violaceum. 
But the remark about Dodoens's figure is strange from Hay, who had travelled 
where Æ. plantagineum is plentiful. Apparently he was not so well 
acquainted with Æ. pyrenaicum, though he had seen Æ. italicum in several 
parts of Italy. In the second edition of 1696, p. 119, he speaks of 
Lycopsis, C. B., and Lycopsis anglica, Lob., as of two different species, the 
former (with /ehii altera species again wrongly brought in) growing in the 
isle of Jersey and therefore plantagineum ; but of the latter he says * Lobel 
mentions another sort which he calls Lycopsis anglica, to be found plentifully 
among the corn on the way between Bristol and London, which no man since 
him hath been able to discover ; so that 1 conclude what he observed there 
was nothing but the common chium." This conclusion is right, but Ray 
misrepresents Lobel, perhaps from memory, as saying just the contrary of 
what he really had said. 
Then in ed. 3, p. 227 (1724), three species are definitely set up, intended 
for X. vulgare, E. plantagineum (from Jersey only), and Æ. vulgare var. 
parviflorum, and referred to respectively as follows : 1. X. vulgare, J. B., iii. 
586, C. B. P., 254. 2. Lycopsis, C. B. P., repeating all that had been said 
in ed. 2 as to this plant occurring in Jersey. 3. Echium alterum sive 
Lycopsis altera, Merrett. “ We have two to be met with in the North as 
well as in the South; the alterum differs from the vulgare, J. B., chiefly in 
the smallness of the flower and being thicker set in the spike. “Tis 
probable this may be Lycopsis anglica Lobelii." This observation is due to 
Dr. Richardson, many of whose notes were embodied by Dillenius in this 
3rd edition. 
Meanwhile, in 1699, Morison, Hist. Ox. iii. p. 441, had described Echium 
plantagineum as his no. 6 under a new name as follows: ** //chium ramosius 
annuum flore suave rubente, Nobis. Lycopsis C. B. P. Echii altera species 
Dod. Hee fortasse est eadem planta, quæ a Lobelio in * Adversariis, p. 249, 
memoratur; et e seminibus in Insula Cæsarea vulgo Jersie a cl. Botanico 
D. D. Sherard collecta, nobis orta est." He therefore did not distinguish 
the Lycopsis of Lobel from that of Bauhin. 
We may now turn to the old herbaria. That of Sherard, which by the 
