~ 
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE STEMS OF CALAMITES. Dil 
sub-epidermal striation. Possibly where the epidermis is removed and the 
sub-epidermal structure revealed, the surface might be striated as appears to 
be the case in Kidston’s type. The leaf scars are very indistinct in this 
specimen. 
Small scars occur on the nodes which are probably root scars. 
Distribution. 
Middle Coal Measures— rare. 
South Staffordshire ; Yorkshire. 
CALAMOPHLOIOS CONGENIUS, Arber. (Plate 28. fig. 2.) 
1890. Calumodendrophloios congenius, Renault, Flore foss. Terr. houill, Commentry, 
part 2, p. 464, pl. 56. fig. 3. 
1893. Culamites (cruciatus) septenarius var. fasciatus, Sterzel, Abhandl. K. Sächs. Gesell. 
Wissen. (math.-phys. Classe) vol. xix. pp. 58, 75, pl. 8. figs. 4 & 5. 
Diagnosis.—Jnternodes very short, regular, 14-15 mm. long, much broader 
than long. Surface smooth, except on the borders of a node, where there is 
a small area, both above and especially below the node, in which the surface 
is strongly striated with very short strie. Owing to the occurrence of branch 
scars the margins of these striated areas are sinuate. 
Branch scars rounded or elliptical, small, many on each node, somewhat 
distant, alternating. 
Leaf scars unknown. 
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIMEN.—The specimen figured on PI. 28. fig. 2, slightly 
reduced, is, so far as we are aware, unique from Britain. It was collected 
by one of us in 1905 from the Upper Coal Measures of the Somerset coal- 
field. Only part of the specimen-—which exceeds 20 cms. in length—is 
shown in the photograph. It consists of a flattened stem with internodes 
about 6'2 ems. in width. The internodes are about 15-18 mm. in length 
and exceedingly regular. Each node bears many small oval branch scars, 
somewhat distant from one another. For an interval of about 5 mm., both 
above and below the node, the internode is slightly raised and is strongly 
striated. Between these striated regions the internode is smooth. The 
smooth area usually exceeds L cm, in length. Leaf scars invisible. 
Remarks.—Kidston and Jongmans * include this type under C. multiramis, 
but in our opinion the British specimen figured here and the examples 
figured by Renault and Sterzel, as indicated in the above synonymy, are 
entirely distinct from the pith cast named C. multiramis by Weiss. it is 
clear that the characters attributed to the outer surface of this species by 
Kidston and Jongmans f are quite distinct from those of the present species. 
* Kidston & Jongmans (1915) p. 171. 
+ Ibid. p. 172. 
