EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE STEMS OF CALAMITES. 519 
1884. Calamites ( Calamitina) varians inconstans, Weiss, Abhandl. Geol. Specialk, Preuss 
vol. v. part 2, pp. 62 & 69, pl. 16 A. figs. 7 & 8; pl. 25. fig. 2. 
1884. Culamites ( Calamitina) varians abbreviatus, Weiss, ibid, vol. v. part 2, pp. 62 & 73 
pl. 164. fig. 10. 
1880. Calamophyllites Goepperti, Zeiller, Flore foss. Bassin houil. Valenciennes, p. 363, 
pl. 57. fig. 1. 
1899. Calamites varians, Hofmann & Ryba, Leitpfl. p. 28, pl. 1. fig. 1. 
1901. Calamitina Gópperti, Kidston, Proc. York. Geol. and Polytech. Soc. vol. xiv. 
part 2, p. 223, pl. 34. fig. 1. 
1901. Calamitina varians var. inconstans, Kidston, ibid. p. 201. 
1911. Calamites Gépperti, Jongmans, Anleit. Bestimm, Karbonpfl. West-Europas, vol. i. 
p. 82. figs. 81, 82. 
1912. Calamites (Calamitina) Goepperti, Vernon, Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc. vol. lxviii, 
p. 622, pl. 57. fig. 10. 
1913. Calamites Goepperti, Jongmans & Kukuk, Mededeel. R. Herbarium, Leiden, No. 20, 
p. 26, pl. 11. figs. 1-3; pl. 12. figs. 1-3. 
1915. Calamites Goepperti, Kidston & Jongmans, Mededeel. Rijksopspor. Delfstoff. No. 7, 
p. 51, pl 51. figs. 3 & 4; pl. 53. figs. 1-8; pl. 54. figs. 1-3; P pl. 55. fig. 2; 
? pl. 56. fig. 3; ? pl. GL. fig. 3; pl. 65. fig, 1; pl. 66. figs, 1-3. 
Dracxosis.— Length of internodes very variable, 2-35 mm. Both very 
short and very long internodes occur. Internodes smooth or only very 
faintly striated longitudinally, but with distant vertical continuous or 
discontinuous deep cracks or furrows in the bark unequally spaced. 
Leaf scars usually clear, prominent, oval, catenulate or even quadrate, 
9-2-5 mm. broad, of medium size or even large, exactly approximated, with 
a punctate scar in the centre. 
Branch sears of medium size or large, usually quadrate or circular or 
oval, often of unequal size and diameter, approximated, with a central 
umbilicus, 10 to 12 in a whorl. Internode bearing branch scars usually 
short. Periods very variable. 
? Root scars occurring singly on nodes which do not bear branch scars. 
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIMEN.—The specimen figured on Pl. 24. fig. 13, 
natural size, shows part of two periods, in which the internodes are very 
variable in length. The irregular longitudinal furrows or cracks in the 
bark are here clearly seen as they are still filled with the coaly matrix, but 
the surface of the internodes is perfectly smooth. The leaf scars are large, 
particularly prominent and regular. 
Remarks.—Kidston and Jongmans include under this species a number of 
examples which we here regard as belonging to a separate species— C. majus. 
In C. Goepperti, according to our definition, the surface of the internodes is 
quite smooth, with the exception of the longitudinal cracks or clefts. In 
C. majus the internodes are clearly striated, often markedly so (see p. 520). 
Distribution. Frequent. 
Transition Coal Measures—rare. 
Kent; ? South Wales ; South Lancashire, 
