THE LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 
By HERMANN Epwarp Hasse. 
INTRODUCTION. 
A study of the lichen growth of Southern California, pursued mostly 
in the county of Los Angeles for more than a score of years, has 
brought to light a number of species previously undescribed, as also 
the presence of some known species new to North America. 
For the determination of these the writer was indebted to Dr. 
Ernst Stizenberger during his life, and afterward to the late Dr. 
William Nylander, who named a large number. Subsequently 
Dr. A. Zahlbruckner has kindly continued this work and has pub- 
lished some of the species determined by himself with a few of Doctor 
Nylander’s briefly described new species.!. A few species named by 
Nylander appeared in a posthumous publication under the title 
‘‘Lichenes Ceylonenses,’”’? Doctor Stizenberger, it is believed, did 
not publish any of the Southern California Lichens named by himself. 
At various times and in different pamphlets and journals the writer 
has issued lists and short descriptions of his collections, and the con- 
solidation of these scattered reports is, in part, the object of this paper. 
In the preparation the author has made free use of and has been guided 
by the work of Dr. A. Zahlbruckner, ‘‘Ascolichenes,’”’ in Engler and 
Prantl, ‘‘ Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien,’’* the most important and 
advanced work of recent times on the subject. The suggestions of 
Dr. V. Darbishire as to designations of the apothecial structures, 
incorporated by Prof. M. Fiinfstiick in his ‘‘Lichenes”’ forming the 
‘‘Allgemeiner Theil” of the same work,‘ have been adopted. The 
author also desires to express his grateful acknowledgment for aid 
given by several correspondents. Mr. 8. B. Parish, of San Ber- 
nardino, kindly submitted a large collection determined by Doctor 
Stizenberger. Mr. C. R. Orcutt, of San Diego, generously gave a 
number of interesting forms determined by Prof. Edward Tucker- 
man, and Dr. A. C. Herre has contributed specimens of many species 
1 Bull. Torrey Club 27: 642-647. 1900; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13: 149. 1902. | 
? Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. 26: 1-33. 1898. 
3 1!*; 49-243, 1907. 
* Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1!*; 41. 
