16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
1. Cyphelium bolanderi (Tuck.) Zahlbr. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzerfam, 
1'*: 84. 1907. 
Acolium bolanderi Tuck. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. 136. 1888. 
Thallus light grayish buff or grayish ochraceous, the warts more or ess approxi- 
mate, at times showing a tendency to lobation at their peripheries, a narrow, delimit- 
ing, black hypothalline border not always: present; paraphyses filiform; asci torulose- 
cylindrical, containing 8 spores, these simple, at first colorless, at last brown to dark 
brown, from 9 to 20 » in diameter, the greater number of medium size and showing 
a round central gray spot, the larger of a uniform dark brown; hymenial structures 
giving no reaction with iodine or with KHO. 
Frequent on various rocks in southern California. 
In reply to lichens sent him, the late Doctor Stizenberger wrote, in 1898, regarding 
this species: ‘‘Acoliwm bolanderi (olivenfarbige Thalluswarzen mit weissberandetem 
Sporenhiufchen)=ichtes A. bolanderi, aber Tuckerman hat hier einen groben Fehler 
begangen, wie frither Kérber und Hepp ihn bei ahnlichen Gebilden auch machten 
(ebenso der alte Fée). Sie sahen einen parasitischen Hyphomyceten fiir Caliciaceen 
an. Wir haben hier einen Rostpilz auf dem Thallus von Lecanora angelica Stiz. vor 
uns.’’ Again, later in the same year, he wrote: ‘‘Acolium bolanderi ist ein Uredo- 
aihnlicher Pilz und keine Flechte.”’ 
2. Cyphelium tigillare (Pers.) T. Fries. 
Thallus greenish yellow, granulate or loosely areolate, effuse; apothecia innate to 
subsessile, the disk black, flat; asci cylindric; paraphyses few, separate; spores 8, 
bilocular, constricted, 11 to 24 « long, 7 to 12 4 thick, smoky gray to brown with a 
round gray spot in each loculus. 
On dead pine wood, San Jacinto Mountains; dead shrubs near Murietta; dead 
wood, Tehachapi Mountains. 
3. Cyphelium inquinans (J. E. Smith) Trevis. 
Thallus whitish to light gray, granulose, often indistinct; apothecia small, sessile, 
a thalline margin indistinct, disk dull black, flat; spores bilocular, light brown to 
dark brown in the largest, constricted, 13 to 24 long, 7.5 to 11» thick; gonidia Pro- 
tococcus, large. 
On bark of conifers in the Tehachapi Mountains. 
Suborder GRAPHIDINEAE. 
Thallus crustaceous, passing from corticate, or with a defective cortex, to higher 
developed forms with a distinct cortex and finally to fruticose states with a pronounced 
medullary layer and cortex; the crustaceous forms affixed to the substrate by medul- 
lary or hypothalline hyphe, the fruticose by means of a basal disk; gonidia consisting 
of Palmella or Chroolepus algze (lichens of this class in symbiosis with Phycopeltis 
or Phyllactidium alge having n t been ith us); apothecia marginless 
(Arthoniaceae), or with a mor roper Yhargin, and some with a 
distinct thalline margin, imm n subpedicellate (Roccellaceae), 
sometimes roundish or circul 
fissure-like (rimeeform) disk, 2 
hypothecium generally dark and carbonaceous; paraphyses entire and free>or brinch- 
ing and interlacing; spores colorless or dark, of varying form and septation, the fusi- 
form shape prevailing; spermatia in some genera not known, but not rare in Arthonia- 
ceae, Roccellaceae, and Dirinaceae. 
(the greater part) or combined in a stroma; 
