54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
1. Toninia coeruleonigricans (Lightf.) T. Fries. 
Thallus of bullous, semiglobular squamee, discrete or crowded, dull brown or dingy 
greenish gray, naked or pruinose, the larger sublobate; apothecia substipitate between 
the squame, of middling size to large; disk black, flat-convex, the margin indistinct 
and with the later increasing convexity of the disk almost disappearing; paraphyses 
loose, the tips fuliginous, capitate; asci clavate; spores bilocular, fusiform, 14 to 26 4 
long, 2 to 4 » thick; hymenial gelatine with iodine blue changing to reddish. 
On earth ‘in mountainous and high northern regions” (Tuckerman), but we have 
it in southern California and, as at Palm Springs, at only 170 meters above sea level; 
at the north fork of the Matilija Canyon, in Ventura County. Rocky Mountain 
States; Europe; northern Asia and northern Africa. 
2. Toninia cumulata (Sommerf.) T. Fries. 
Thallus of small, white or pale gray squamules, these irregularly shaped, scattered 
or contiguous, KHO—, Ca(ClO),—, the medullary hyphe giving no reaction with 
jodine; apothecia small and mostly congregated into prominent heaps; disk in the 
isolated apothecia round, flat, black, with a raised, thick, black, entire or crenulate 
margin, the disk later becoming slightly convex, the margin thinner to almost dis- 
appearing; epithecium subgranulose, dark brown; thecium dark, 72 4 high; para- 
physes coherent, the brown heads clavate; hypothecium yellowish or reddish brown, 
not as dark as the epithecium; asci clavate and subinflated-clavate, 62 4 long, 12 p 
thick; spores 4-locular, fusiform-ellipsoid, 14 to 18 y» long, 4.5 to 6 p» thick, the ends 
slightly acuminate, one more so than the other; hymenial gelatine blue with iodine. 
On sandy clay bluffs near Newport, Orange County. Subalpine northern Europe 
and arctic regions of North America. 
3. Toninia squarrosa (Ach.) T. Fries. 
Thallus cervine brown, squamulose, thick, the squamules congregated, subimbri- 
cate, lobulate, rugose and convolute, KHO—; apothecia sessile, medium-sized to 
large and conglomerate; disk black, at first flat, margined, passing to strongly convex, 
lobulate and immarginate; epithecium subcontinuous, bluish blackish; thecium col- 
orless, 60 to 64 # high, with iodine blue, but the epithecium and hypothecium not 
affected; paraphyses coherent, strict, their apices clavate and bluish black; hypo- 
thecium sordid pale yellowish; asci subinflated-clavate; spores straight or lightly 
curved, acicular-fusiform, one end thicker and blunt, the other attenuate, about 4- 
septate, the septation faint, 23 to 40 4 long, 2 to 3.5 p thick. 
Forming cushions among moss on rocks; mountains of northeastern California, 
Herre; Yosemite Valley; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, at 1,600 meters 
altitude. Alpine and arctic regions of western North America; northern Asia; Europe. 
8a. Toninia squarrosa persimilans Hasse, subsp. nov. 
Lecidea squarrosa persimilans Nyl. in litt. 
Varies from the species in the spores, which are 37 to 68 « long and 4 » thick, and 
from 4-locular to plurilocular, narrowly fusiform, one end gradually attenuate, the 
other abruptly acuminate or blunt in some spores. 
On earth in the San Gabriel Range, Los Angeles County, on the ‘Old Wilson Trail” 
at 830 meters altitude (the type locality). 
Type deposited with Prof. Bruce Fink; duplicates in U. 8. National Herbarium 
and in herb. Hasse. 
4, Toninia ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 103. 1910. 
Lecidea ruginosa Tuck. Lich. Calif. 25. 1866. 
Thallus of rounded, turgid, bullose squamules, more or less crowded, wavy and 
rugose-plicate, finally cancellate, from blackish green to brown; ‘‘apothecia ample 
to large, 1.5 to 3 mm. in width, flat, at length flexuose-lobate, scarcely excluding the 
stout margin;” epithecium subgranulose, brown; thecium colorless to light brown, 
