60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
GYROPHORA Ach. 
Apothecia innate, sessile or almost pedicellate, circular, the proper margin dark, 
carbonaceous; disk commonly gyrose-plicate; paraphyses discrete; asci clavate or 
saccate-clavate; spores colorless, ellipsoid to oblong, simple; sterigma jointed; 
spermatia short, straight, cylindric. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 
Polyphyllous................ bocce eee cece eee eee weet eee eee eeee 2. G. polyphylia. 
Monophyllous. 
Ridged and rugulose above. 
Frond without perforations..................2....20000- 1. G. rugifera. 
Frond with perforations. 
Perforations numerous.......-...-...2..200020.000ee 4. G. erosa. 
Perforations few...........2..00.2. 0.20000 cece ee eee 5. G. torrefacta. 
Not ridged above. 
Dark brown with a purple bloom........................ 6. G. angulata., 
Dark brown, bloom absent................2.2.-0-0.0000- 3. G. phaea. 
1. Gyrophora rugifera (Nyl.) T. Fries. 
Monophyllous, rigid, 1 to 3 cm. wide, above deeply lacunose by prominent reticulated 
ridges, the surface finely areolate-granulose, yellowish brown at the center, becoming 
brown toward the border or brown throughout (a specimen from the Tehachapi Moun- 
tains with the upper surface turgidly rugose-plicate, of ash gray color with a delicate 
pale roseate tinge); beneath nearly of the same color as above but paler, the border 
crenulate and lobulate, neither cortex nor medulla affected by KHO, both turned red 
by Ca(C10).; apothecia adnate-sessile, 0.25 to 1 mm. in diameter, grouped and crowded; 
disk black, obscurely gyrate, encircled by a more prominent gyration; epithecium 
brown, continuous; thecium 80 y» high; paraphyses coherent; hypothecium dark 
reddish brown, as high as the thecium; spores ovoid, ellipsoid, and oblong-ellipsoid, 
11 to 15 » long, 4 to 6 p thick. 
On granitic rocks in the higher mountains; Mount San Antonio at 3,500 meters; San 
Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains at 3,700 meters; Mount Cummings, Tehachapi 
Range, at 2,700 meters. Alpine. Northern Europe, Siberia. 
2. Gyrophora polyphylla (L.) Borr. & Turn. 
Monophyllous but oftener composed of a rosette of larger and smaller fronds, dark 
brown to black above, beneath smooth and in the center light brown gradually dark- 
ening toward the dull black periphery; border of the fronds entire to lacerate-crenate 
and lobed; apothecia innate and adnate, scattered or grouped, 0.25 to 1.5 mm. wide; 
disk black, gyrose, soon angular and lunette-shaped, a turgid, glistening gyration fol- 
lowing the outline of the disk inclosing several thinner gyrations, KHO—, Ca(C10),+ 
reddish or —; epithecium subcontinuous, dark brown; thecium 112 » high, colorless 
or tinted faint yellowish brown; paraphyses lax-coherent; hypothecium pale yellow- 
ish, nearly half the height of the thecium; asci inflated-clavate, the membrane stout; 
spores oblong ovoid ellipsoid, 12 to 17 # long, 6 to 8 # thick; hymenial gelatine with 
iodine dark reddish brown. 
Sandstone, Devils Canyon, Santa Cruz Mountains, at 780 meters, Herre; T ehachapi 
Range at 1,500 meters. 
3. Gyrophora phaea (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 7: 366. 1906. 
Umbilicaria phaea Tuck. Lich. Calif. 15. 1866. 
Monophyllous, dark brown and blackening above, smooth, beneath delicately 
granulose and at point of attachment radiately trabeculose, generally of lighter brown 
than above, though now and then dull black, from 0.5 to not over 2 mm. wide, the 
periphery entire to coarsely crenulate and lobulate, KHO, Ca(ClO).* red; apothecia 
