HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 61 
innate, on a level with or barely projecting above the surface of the frond, generally 
crowded near the border; disk black, gyrose-plicate, round or incurved-angled; 
epithecium continuous, brown; thecium dilute yellowish brown, 54 to 60 p» high; 
paraphyses coherent; hypothecium brown like the epithecium; asci inflated-clavate, 
36 to 40 p» long, 18 to 20 « thick; spores broadly ovoid, 10 to 16 » long, 6 to 8 p 
thick; hymenial gelatine pale blue with iodine. 
Frequent in the mountains, ascending from the lowerranges. On granitic and other 
rocks in the Santa Monica and throughout the higher ranges of southern California. 
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish. 
4, Gyrophora erosa (Weber) Ach. 
Monophyllous, rigid, brown above, delicately reticulate-rimose, the rimz perforating 
the frond by numerous minute openings, the border crenate or finely erose, beneath 
lighter in color or darker and blackening, granulose, naked or a few fibrille toward the 
periphery, KHO—, Ca(Cl0).=, 2.5 to5cm. in diameter. The apothecia, spores, etc., 
do not differ from those of the next following species. 
On rocks, Yosemite Valley, which is, so far as known, the southern limit in Cali- 
fornia. A lichen of arctic regions and the higher mountains of the northern United 
States; Europe; northern Asia. 
5. Gyrophora torrefacta Cromb. 
Monophyllous, above a rich, dark reddish brown, less cribrose and less erose at the 
periphery than G. erosa, thus appearing rather entire, the upper surface broadly turgid- 
rugulose, beneath brown black, coarsely papillate, often stoutly trabeculate, the 
fibrille less evident or wanting, KHO=, Ca(ClO).-Freddish; apothecia sessile, ele- 
vated, brittle; disk black, gyrose-plicate; epithecium subcontinuous, brown; thecium 
44 to 48 » high, pale yellowish brown; paraphyses adglutinated; hypothecium brown; 
asci clavate and inflated-clavate; spores ovoid, bluntly ellipsoid, 10.5 to 12 u long, 
to 8 » thick; hymenial gelatine blue with iodine. 
On rocks growing with the last preceding species and easily confounded with it. 
6. Gyrophora angulata (Tuck.) Herre, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 318. 1911. 
Umbilicaria angulata Tuck. Proc. Amer. Acad. 1: 266. 1847. 
Monophyllous, smooth, black brown (in southern California) or with a purple 
bloom (from Siskiyou County), lobed and coarsely crenate at the periphery, from 1 to 
2.5 cm. wide, beneath dark brown to dull black, areolate to coarsely papillate; apo- 
thecia innate to adnate, irregularly star-shaped to pluriangular; disk black, gyrose; 
epithecium subcontinuous, brown; thecium colorless or pale yellow tinted, about 
70 « high; paraphyses coherent; hypothecium brown, darker than the epithecium, 
asci clavate, 60 » long, 15 # thick; spores ovoid, 16 to 20 long, 8 to 10 thick; hymenial 
gelatine with iodine blue, with KHO violaceous, no change with NO;. The color 
above and condition of thallus beneath varies, but the characteristic shape of the 
apothecia is constant. 
On rocks; Siskiyou County, Baker; granite bowlders at Tehachapi. 
UMBILICARIA Hoffm. 
Spores muriform, colorless or decolorate, one or two in the asci. 
. Umbilicaria semitensis Tuck. 
Monophyllous, above uniform mouse-colored to brown, delicately rimose, the border 
involute, entire or lacerate-lobed, KHO=; Ca (C10),=; KHO+(CaCl10)., the medulla 
faint red; apothecia adnate-sessile, 0.25 to 3 mm. in diameter, dispersed over outer 
part of frond; disk black, glistening, gyrate, round to obtusely angular, an entire or 
interrupted gyration encircling it; epithecium continuous, brown; thecium about 120 
# high, pale yellowish brown; . paraphyses coherent; hypothecium brown; asci inflated- 
clavate to ventricose, about 100 » long, 36 # thick, the membrane thick throughout; 
