HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 63 
rupted margin; epithecium continuous, yellowish brown, gradually paling downward ; 
thecium colorless, 120 to 130 » high; paraphyses slender, coherent, the slender brown 
tips scarcely thickened; hypothecium pallid, pale grayish yellowish, about as high as 
the thecium; asci oblong, thickened at top; spores minute and numerous, oblong- 
ellipsoid, 4 to 6 » long, 1 to 1.5 » thick; hymenial gelatine bluo with iodine. 
On various rocks in the Santa Monica and San Gabriel Ranges; at Del Mar on quartz 
pebbles. Europe; northern Africa; eastern Asia. 
8. Biatorella clavus (Lam. & DC.) T. Fries. 
Thallus absent; apothecia short-stipitate, large, from 1 to 3 mm. wide, dispersed or 
sometimes several congregated; disk flat, black (retaining that color when moistened), 
roughly papillate, naked; margin thick, persistent, crenate, following the sinuosities 
of the irregularly formed disk; epithecium continuous, orange to reddish brown, 
paling downward; thecium 160 » high, colorless; paraphyses strict, subcoherent; 
hypothecium brown; asci inflated-clavate, the membrane thickened at apex; spores 
minute and numerous, oblong-ellipsoid, 3 to 4 4 long, 1 to 1.5 w thick; asci with iodine 
staining a dilute claret red, the thecium and paraphyses reddish brown. 
Frequent on rocks throughout our mountains. Eastern and southern United 
States; Europe. 
4. Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) T. Fries. 
Thallus indistinct and obsolete; apothecia small, sessile; disk planoconvex, dark 
brown and blackish, the margin entire, light colored; epithecium subcontinuous, 
light brown; thecium colorless, 68 to 80 # high; paraphyses separate, not sharply 
defined, not or scarcely thickened at the tips; hypothecium colorless; asci pyriform 
or saccate, 60 # long, 28 to 42 » thick, including the quite thick membrane; spores 
spherical, numerous, small, 2 to 3.54 in diameter; hymenial gelatine with iodine 
blue, becoming sordid brown; NO, changing the epithecium to yellow. 
On bark of Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, Tehachapi Mountains near ‘‘Lone Pine Mine,” 
at 1,600 meters. On Aesculus californica in Alameda County, Gray. Northeastern 
United States, north and west to Canada and Washington; Europe. 
5. Biatorella hypophaea (Nyl.). 
Lecanora hypophaea Nyl. Flora 53: 34. 1870. ; 
Thallus effuse, indistinct, granular-pulverulent, KHO—, Ca(ClO),—; apothecia 
sessile, 0.25 to 1 mm. wide; disk flat to lightly convex, faintly papillate, reddish 
black, mostly round, the margin permanent, entire or slightly wavy, somewhat 
shining; epithecium continuous, dark brown gradually paling downward, 30 to 32 p 
high; thecium colorless, translucent 94 to 100 p high, including the colored epithecium; 
paraphyses slender, strict, some clavate and colored at the tips; hypothecium pallid 
yellowish in the center, pale brown toward the circumference; asci oblong-ellipsoid; 
spores minute and numerous, oblong, apparently slightly thickened at both ends, 
5to7 # long, 1.54 thick; thecium staining brownish yellow with iodine, the asci 
brown. 
On crumbling sandstone, Santa Monica Mountains. 
ACAROSPORA Mass. 
Thallus crustaceous, radiate-squamulose, with some tendency to lobation at the 
periphery, rarely uniform; apothecia at first immersed, then sessile; disk round or now 
and then narrow and irregular, surrounded by a thalline margin containing Protococcus 
gonidia; spores simple, colorless, small and numerous; paraphyses unbranching, 
jointed; spermatia oblong-ellipsoid. 
