HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 81 
1. Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) 8. F. Gray. 
Thallus minutely coralloid-squamulose, brownish, dark olive greenish to dull black, 
continuous, coralloid when moist, interrupted or diffract when dry; apothecia subin- 
nate, from 0.5 to 1.25 mm. wide; disk black, smooth, biatorine, flat to at last lightly 
convex; epithecium bluish gray to blue, subgranulose; thecium 60 to 80 y high, 
colorless; paraphyses separate, stout, clavate at the bluish tips with one or two septa 
below; hypothecium from colorless to fuscescent; asci inflated-clavate, about 20 p 
shorter than the paraphyses; spores 8, colorless, oblong with blunted ends, bilocular 
to quadrilocular, 16 to 20 » long, 5 to 6 » thick; hymenial gelatine with iodine blue; 
gonidia (Scytonema) blue green, 8 to 16 » in diameter. 
On shaded, earth-covered bowlders; frequent in the Santa Monica Range. Southern 
and middle western United States into Canada; England; continental Europe; New 
Zealand. 
2. Placynthium microphyllizum (Nyl.). 
Pannularia microphylliza Nyl.; Hasse, Lich. South. Calif. 9. 1898. 
Thallus squamulose, light chocolate to cervine brown; squamules small, 1 to 1.5 
mm. wide, contiguous, convex with an ascending, crenulate-lobulate border, pale 
beneath; apothecia sessile, biatorine, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter; disk dusky red 
brown, flat, the paler margin at last obscure and the disk lightly convex; epithecium 
subcontinuous, sordid brownish yellow; thecium 80 to 128 u high, colorless; para- 
physes loosely coherent, slightly thickened above; hypothecium yellowish, paler than 
the epithecium; asci inflated-clavate, 56 to 60 » high, 18 » thick, 8-spored; spores elon- 
gate-ellipsoid, 16 to 28 » long, 6 to 9 « thick, 2 to 4-locular; iodine staining all the 
\hymenial structures deep blue. 
Type locality, along the ‘‘Old Wilson Trail,’”” San Gabriel Range on quartz and in 
the Santa Monica Range on sandstone. 
Type deposited with Dr. W. Nylander; duplicates with Prof. C. E. Clements, Prof, 
Clara Cummings, Mr. W. W. Calkins, Dr. J. W. Eckfeldt, in the U. 8. National Her- 
barium, and in herb. Hasse, 
PANNARIA Delise. 
Thallus granulose, squamulose to foliaceous with a blue black or black hypothallus 
and Nostoc gonidia; apothecia primarily innate, at last sessile to lecanorine; hypothe- 
cium pallid; spores simple, oblong-ellipsoid and fusiform. 
A single species with us. 
1. Pannaria pezizoides (Weber) Lightf. 
Thallus minutely squamulose, dusky greenish brown, the squamules densely 
imbricated, about 1 mm. wide, coarsely crenate at the border, pale beneath; apothecia 
subinnate, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; disk brick red and duller red, soon convex with a per- 
sistent, prominent, coarsely crenate thalline margin; epithecium pale yellow; thecium 
colorless, 100 » high; paraphyses coherent; hypothecium equaling the epithecium in 
color; asci elongate-clavate, spores 8, simple, colorless, oblong-ellipsoid with two oil 
globules and pointed at one or both ends, 20 to 30 » long, 8 to 12 » thick, sometimes 
lightly curved; hymenial gelatine with iodine light blue. 
On earth near Glenivy, Riverside County; Topanga Canyon, Santa Monica Range; 
Matilija Canyon, Ventura County; Yosemite Valley. Ranges throughout northern 
North America; Europe. 
MASSALONGIA Koerb. 
Thallus microphylline-squamulose, corticate above, ecorticate beneath, the layer 
of Scytonema gonidia situated below the upper cortex, medullary layer loose; apothe- 
cia biatorine, marginal; disk flat; hypothecium pallid, imposed upon a gonidial 
layer; asci 8-spored, the spores fusiform, colorless, bilocular; sterigma jointed, sper- 
matia short, straight. 
A single species within our limits. 
