HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 99 
CANDELARIELLA Muell. Arg. 
Thallus crustaceous, uniform, granular to warty, now and then lobed at the periph- 
ery, yellow to orange, not stained by KHO; apothecia sessile, circular, lecanorine, 
yellow; asci 8-sporous to multisporous, the spores simple or bilocular; sterigma spar- 
ingly jointed; spermatia short, straight. 
KEY TO SPECIES. 
Thallus effuse, minutely squamulose; disk yellow............-.. 1. C. vitellina. 
Thallus granulose, greenish yellow; disk grayish yellow......... 2. C. cerinella. 
1. Candelariella vitellina (Ehrh.) Muell. Arg. 
Thallus effuse, citrine yellow, of minute round and crenate, lobulate squamules; 
apothecia sessile; disk flat, concolorous with the thallus, the thalline margin entire 
or now and then finely crenulate; epithecium granulose, yellow; thecium colorless, 
with iodine blue, KHO—; paraphyses free, slightly clavate, some furcate and jointed 
below the tips; hypothecium colorless; asci inflated-clavate; spores 8, 10 to 16 p 
long, 4 to 4.5 w thick, simple and bilocular, the septum disappearing after KHO. 
On barks, dead wood, rocks, and earth upon rocks. Common throughout the 
United States and Canada; Europe; South America (Bolivia); western Africa; Oceania. 
2. Candelariella cerinella Zahlbr. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1!*: 207, 
1907. 
Lecanora cerinella Floerke in Steud. & Hochst. Enum. Pl. Germ. Helv. 1826, 
nomen nudum, 
Thallus thin, of greenish yellow, round granules, dispersed or crowded, KHO—, Ca 
(ClO).—; apothecia sessile; disk plane or slightly convex, greenish yellow; thalline 
margin thin, crenulate; epithecium continuous, greenish yellow; thecium colorless, 
44 to 80 » high, blue with iodine; paraphyses strict, subcoherent, septate and clavate 
at the thickened and sometimes globular capitate tips; hypothecium yellowish or 
colorless; asci subinflated-clavate, the membrane thickened at top; spores 8, oblong- 
ellipsoid, 13 to 20 » long, 5 to 7 » thick, simple or faintly bilocular, some slightly 
curved, 
On rocks and earth upon rocks. Palm Springs, Riverside County; in the Santa 
Monica Range on argillaceous shale; Yosemite Valley over moss on rocks. Ferhaps 
generally distributed, but overlooked from its similarity to the preceding species. 
PARMELIACEAE. 
Thallus foliaceous, spreading or ascending, or sometimes fruticulose; gonidia 
Pleurococcus; apothecia circular with a thalline margin, sessile or subpedicellate; 
asci with 6 to 8 spores, rarely more. 
KEY TO GENERA. 
Apothecia on upper surface, sessile or subsessile.............- PARMELIA (p. 99). 
Apothecia mainly marginal or nearly so..................... Cerrarta (p. 103). 
PARMELIA Ach. 
Thallus foliaceous, horizontally spreading, variously lobed, rarely ascending; 
apothecia cup-shaped with a thalline margin; spermogones imbedded; sterigmata 
loosely branching, septate, peculiarly and characteristically bayonet-shaped; sper- 
matia short, straight; spores in 8’s, rarely more, colorless, simple, from ellipsoid to 
almost globular. 
Some of the species are not well defined in their gross external characters and a 
concise, brief description is difficult, therefore the chemical reactions are an impor- 
tant aid to determinations. 
