HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 101 
upper surface smooth or papillate, rugulose, in the center and at the border of the la- 
cinie often with isidia of the same color with the thallus, beneath dark brown black, 
at the border brown and glistening; rhizine few and short, with KHO cortex yellow, 
the medulla not stained, with Ca(ClO), the cortex not stained, the medulla red. 
On oak bark, canyons of the Santa Monica Range. Fruiting specimens have not 
been found. Determined by the late Dr. W. Nylander. 
8. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. 
Thallus greenish straw color, orbicular-spreading, often extensively, appressed, 
laciniate-divided and lobate, the lobes and lacinizw, except at the extreme margin, 
round-crenate, the center variously rugose, beneath dingy brownish blackish, with 
KHO the cortex yellow, the medulla yellow, then red, Ca(ClO),=; apothecia 
numerous, elevated-sessile; disk dark chestnut to almost black, concave to flat, with 
an incurved, crenulate thalline margin; epithecium continuous, colorless to dusky 
yellowish; thecium with a faint yellowish shade, 40 to 44 4 high; paraphyses coherent 
with slightly capitate tips; hypothecium colorless; asci clavate; spores 8, ovoid 
8 to 12 pp long, 5 to 8p thick; all hymenial structures stained blue with iodine, KHO—. 
Rocks and bowlders, frequent throughout and often spreading extensively, North 
America to the Arctics; South America; Australia and Tasmania; Europe. 
The forma isidiata Leight. has the upper surface thickly beset with concolorous 
isidia, excepting the extreme border, but is otherwise similar to the species with which 
it is found, though less frequently in fruit. 
Sa. Parmelia conspersa stenophylla Ach. 
Orbicular, less spreading, 3 to 5 cm. wide, appressed; lacinix narrow, almost linear, 
dilating at the border, more separate than in the species; sparingly fruiting. 
On rocks; San Bernardino Mountains, Parish; occasional in the Santa Monica 
Range; frequent on clay and sand rock near Del Mar. 
4. Parmelia subconspersa Nyl. 
Thallus pale greenish straw color, orbicular, from 5 to 10 cm. wide, laciniate-lobate, 
the lacinix contiguous and subimbricated, the border more or less ascending, at the 
center the borders not seldom sorediate, beneath light brown to blackening, the 
rhizine few and short; apothecia asin P. conspersa, to which itis very similar, differing 
only in the medulla not staining yellow with KHO. Itis rarely found fruiting. 
On bowlders in the Santa Monica and San Gabriel Ranges with P. conspersa but less 
frequent. 
5. Parmelia perlata (L.) Ach. 
Thallus dilated, spreading, deep and wide-lobed, with entire or sublobulate border, 
smooth above, the lobes suberect, the margin often turgidly sorediate, beneath black 
with scattered, short rhizinz, at the border brown, smooth, somewhat glistening, with 
KHO the cortex deep yellow, the medulla yellow, Ca(ClO).=; apothecia not found 
in our district. 
Rocks, bark, and earth. Onearth, Santa Catalina Island, Trask; on twigs and earth 
at base of rocksin the Santa Monica Mountains; on trunks in the San Jacinto and San 
Gabriel Mountains. Northern United States to Mexico; South America; Polynesia; 
Australia; and Europe. 
6. Parmelia tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. 
Thallus whitish or faint cream color, deeply lobed, the lobes roundish-crenately 
cut, contiguous and imbricate; upper surface undulate in the center, flattening toward 
the circumference, irregularly orbiculate, moderately loosely affixed, beneath black, 
fibrillose, naked, smooth, and glistening at the border, with KHO the cortex yellow, 
the medulla unchanged, with Ca(ClO), the cortex unchanged, the medulla red; 
apothecia sessile, 2 to 5.5 mm. wide, numerous and crowded at the center; disk reddish 
to chestnut, flat, undulate, the thalline margin entire or subcrenate, persistent; 
