102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
epithecium continuous, pale reddish brown, gradually paling downward; thecium 68 
to 72 » high, colorless, with iodine blue, the epithecium retaining its natural color; 
paraphyses coherent; hypothecium of the same tint as the epithecium, but paler; asci 
clavate; spores 8, ellipsoid, 8 to 16 1 long, 5 to 8 p thick. 
On variousbarks. Oaksin the Yosemite valley, the lobes small and closely adherent; 
canyons of the San Gabriel Mountains; San Jacinto Mountains (Strawberry Valley) at 
1,600 meters. Rarely on rocks. San Diego, Alderson, and in San Antonio Canyon, 
San Gabriel Range. Common in North America; Mexico; South America; Europe, 
Asia, and Africa. 
7. Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. 
Thallus orbiculate, light grayish or pale yellowish gray, comparatively narrowly 
lobate-laciniate, the lacinix short, sinuate, smoothish or shallow-lacunose, beneath 
smooth, black, glistening, with few rhizine, with KHO the cortex yellow, the medulla 
red, with Ca(ClO).=; fruiting specimens not seen, 
On moss-covered rocks at base of trees and among moss on earth in the San Gabriel 
Range at 1,600 meters altitude. 
8. Parmelia olivacea (L.) Ach. 
Thallus orbicular, appressed, brown to dark brown, deeply laciniate-lobed, the lobes 
imbricate at the center, then contiguous or at the circumference becoming somewhat 
discrete, the -uargin crenately cut, smooth and more or less glistening above, KHO—, 
Ca(ClO).—; beneath dark with dark fibrils; apothecia often numerous at the center, 
sessile, 0.5 to2 mm. wide; disk concave, concolorous with the thallus or reddish brown, 
glistening; thalline margin thin, almost entire to crenulate ; epithecium subcontinuous, 
yellowish brown; thecium 60 to 64 » high, colorless; paraphyses coherent; hypo- 
thecium colorless; asci inflated-clavate; spores 8, ovoid-ellipsoid, 8 to 11 « long, 6 to 
8 w« thick; sterigma articulate, branching; spermatia straight, 8 to 12 ” long and 
apparently 1 » thick. 
On barks and rocks; common and variable throughout our mountains, ascending 
from the plains. San Bernardino, Parish; Santa Cruz Mountains, Herre. 
9. Parmelia multispora A. Schneid. 
Thallus orbicular, closely appressed to smooth bark of trees and twigs (and dead 
wood), the border roundish, entire or incised, KHO=, Ca(ClO).==, beneath dark 
with short black fibrils, brown and devoid of fibrils at the border; disk brown, flat- 
concave, now and then rugose-verruculose; thalline margin entire, finally obscure; 
epithecium continuous, brown, gradually paling downward; thecium 60 to 64 It 
high, stained blue with iodine, except the epithecium, this not affected by the reagent; 
paraphyses coherent; hypothecium colorless; asci inflated-clavate; spores 16 to 24 in 
ascus (50 to 100, as stated by Schneider, not observed), ovoid, from 8 to 9 « long, 
5 to 8 u thick, or globular and from 6 to 8 «in diameter, 
The thallus differs from that of P. olivacea in being less spreading. Spermogones 
not seen. 
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish; on shrubs in the Santa Monica and San Gabriel 
ranges, not infrequent. 
10. Parmelia exasperata (Ach.) Nyl. 
Thallus orbicular, brown, densely beset apove with erect, concolorous papille, the 
lobes narrower than in P, olivacea, in typical forms only the ends of the laciniz crenu- 
late and free of papille, KHO—, Ca(ClO),—, beneath dark with short dark rhizine; 
apothecia sessile, disk concave to flat and undulate, of the color of the thallus; thalline 
margin persistent, entire or finely crenulate and with papille; epithecium continuous, 
pale yellowish brownish, overlaid by a thin hyaline membrane; lower half of thecium 
colorless; paraphyses coherent; hypothecium colorless ; asci clavate, 40 » long, 10 
to 124 thick; spores 8, ovoid, 8 to 10 » long, 5 to6 ft thick; hymenial gelatine and asci 
bluish with iodine, the epithecium and hypothecium not affected, KHO—. 
