HASSE—LICHEN FLORA OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 111 
1. Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) Arnold. 
Thallus determinate or subdeterminate, greenish ash-colored or pale gray, coarsely 
granular to verruculose and chinky; hypothallus black, more or less distinct; thallus 
KHO+ purple; apothecia sessile, 0.25 to 0.75 mm. wide; disk flat to lightly convex, 
rusty red, KHO+ purple; proper margin thin, persistent, entire or nearly so; epithe- 
cium subgranulose, yellow to orange; thecium colorless, 88 to 100 # high; paraphyses 
separate with yellowish bulbous heads; hypothecium pallid, yellow; asci clavate; 
spores 8, ellipsoid and oblong-ellipsoid, 14 to 20 » long, 6 to 10 w thick, polari-bilocular 
with an isthmus. 
On various barks, rocks, and (rarely) earth; Santa Catalina Island on bark and 
rocks, in the Santa Monica Range on the same substrata and on earth. 
la. Blastenia ferruginea bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 
12: 228. 1910. 
Placodium ferrugineum forma bolanderi Tuck. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. 1: 178. 1882. 
Thallus thin, sordid pale greenish gray, effuse or absent, KHO—, Ca(ClO).—; 
hypothallus indistinct; apothecia small, from 0.25 to seldom as much as 1.5 mm, in 
diameter; disk flat, later convex, bright crimson or often a handsome vermilion 
color; proper exciple concolorous with the disk or a little lighter, obsolescent in the 
larger apothecia; disk with KHO dark crimson; epithecium granulose, scarlet, thick, 
gradually paling downward; thecium 88 to 92 » high, colorless, with iodine of an 
intense blue, including all the hymenial structures, KHO-+carmine red or violet 
blue; paraphyses subcoherent, septate above and faintly colored at the rounded 
tips; hypothecium colorless or faintly yellowish tinted; asci clavate, the upper third 
of membrane thickened and the cavity attenuated to a neck above; spores 8, oblong- 
ellipsoid, approaching subfusiform, straight or some lightly curved, polari-bilocular; 
the cells approximate, 20 to 27 » long, 6 to 8 p thick. 
On rocks, rarely on clay. Frequent in the Santa Monica Range but not collected in 
the higher mountains. It may be deserving of the rank of a species. 
1b. Blastenia ferruginea wrightii (Tuck.). 
Placodium ferrugineum wrightit Tuck. Syn. N. Amer, Lich, 1: 178. 1882. 
Thallus crust medium thick, white, granular or obscurely scaly, subdeterminate 
with an indistinct, dark gray hypothalline border, KHO—; apothecia sessile, from 
0.25 to 0.8 mm. wide, KHO+purple; disk dull rust color becoming finally convex; 
proper margin entire, persistent; epithecium subgranulose, reddish orange or deep 
orange red, gradually paling downward; thecium colorless below; paraphyses sub- 
coherent; hypothecium colorless; asci clavate; spores broadly ellipsoid, polari- 
bilocular with an isthmus, 12 to 18 » long, 6 to 8.5 » thick. 
On bark, Santa Catalina Island, Trask. 
le. Blastenia ferruginea fraudans (T. Fries). 
Caloplaca ferruginea fraudans T. Fries, Vet. Akad. Hand. Stockholm 7: 27. 1867. 
Thallus white, thin, effuse, or absent, KHO-+ gradually crimson, the reaction 
appearing slower than upon the disk; apothecia sessile, crowded, small, 0.25 to 1.25 
mm. wide; disk pale orange and yellowish orange, flat to convex, the proper margin 
paler, thin, yellowish, entire, a thin white thalline margin seen in juvenile apothecia 
but finally disappearing; disk and margins with KHO crimson; epithecium granulose, 
pale yellow; thecium colorless, 56 to 68 » high, this and the epithecium blue with 
iodine; paraphyses loose, comparatively stout, some with globular pale yellow heads, 
others barely thickened and colorless at top; hypothecium colorless; asci clavate; 
spores 8, oblong-ellipsoid, 10 to 15 » long, 3 to 5 p thick, bilocular or polari-bilocular, 
the loculi approximate, the isthmus indistinct; epithecium and hymenium with 
KHO crimson. 
On bleached whalebones, San Clemente Island, Trask; on arenaceous shale at 
‘‘White Point” near San Pedro. 
