EUCOMMIACEAE. 
Determined by E. H. Wirsow. 
EUCOMMIA Oliv. 
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. t. 1950 (1890); 
XXIV. t. 2361 (1895). — Weis in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, IIT. 243, t. 
57, 58 (1892). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 346 (1900). — Kew 
Bull. Misc. Inform. XIV. 89 (1901); XVII. 4 fig. (1904). — Schneider, 
Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 424, fig. 270 (1904). — Finet & Gagnepain 
in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. Mém. IV. 23 (1905); Contrib. Fl. As. 
Or. II. 23 (1907). — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1909, 226, fig. 89, 90. — 
Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVIII. 114 (1911). — 
Rehder in Móller's Deutsch. Gártn.-Zeit. XXVII. 11, fig. (1912). 
Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, eultivated, alt. 600-1600 m., 
April 1907 (No. 383, in part; tree 5-20 m. tall, 0.3-1.5 m. girth); 
Changyang Hsien, commonly cultivated, alt. 600—1500 m., May and 
October 1907 (No. 383, in part ; tree 6-20 m. tall); north and south of 
Ichang, commonly cultivated, alt. 600-1600 m., June and October 
1907 (No. 383, in part; tree 6-20 m. tall, 0.3-1.5 m. girth); Hsing- 
shan Hsien, cultivated, May 1907 (No. 383, in part; tree 6-20 m. tall); 
Fang Hsien, commonly cultivated, alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1907 
(No. 383; tree 10-20 m. tall); without precise locality, cultivated, 
October 1910 (No. 383°); without locality, April and July 1900 (Veitch 
Exped. No. 629); Ichang, A. Aldridge. 
This interesting tree grows to a moderate size and is commonly cultivated in 
Western Hupeh and Szech'uan, occurring two or three together in the neighbor- 
hood houses, between alt. 300-2500 m. It is dicecious and the peasants raise it 
from seeds or by coppicing. The bark, known as Tu-chung or Tsze-mien = silk 
thread, is a valuable Chinese drug, esteemed for various hepatic diseases, and as 
a diuretic, tonic and aphrodisiac. The removal of the bark causes the death of 
the tree, which probably accounts for it being so far unreported in a wild state. 
Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 535, 676, 682, 068, and 0185, 0358 of 
or of photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 213 
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