RUTACEAE. — CITRUS 141 



CITRUS L. 



Determined by Walter T. Swingle. 



Citrus Medica Linnaeus, Spec, 782 (1753). — Risso in Nouv. 

 Duhamel, VII. 67, t. 22 (1816). — Risso & Poiteau, HisL NaL 

 Orang. t. 96-100 (1818-1822). ^ 



Ciiriis Tuherosa MiDer, Gard. Diet ed. 8 (1768). 



C. Odorata Roussel, FL Calvados, 194 (1796). 



C. Fragrans Salisbury, Prodr. 378 (1796). 



C. cedra Link, Handb. Erkenn. Nutzh, Gew. II. 346 (1831). 



C. Cedratum Herquet in Verh. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. VIII. 36 (1831). 



C. cedratus Rafinesque, Sylva Tell. 141 (1838). 



C. crassa Hasskarl, Cat HorL Bogor. 217 (1844). 



Szech'uan: Sui Fu (Siichow Fu), cultivated, December 1908 

 (No. 4741, fruit in spirits with rough furrowed peel); same locality, 

 December 1908 (No. 4742, large, nearly spherical, smooth fruit in 

 spirits); Lu Chou, sparingly cultivated, December 1908 (No. 4738, 

 fruit in spirits). 



Citrus Medica Linnaeus is the type of the genus Citrus and is the only species 

 that was known to the classical Greek and Latin writers. There can be no possi- 

 ble doubt that the citron is the Citrus Medica of Linnaeus. 



The Chinese citrons are of several rather diverse sorts. All three of the num- 

 bers collected by Wilson are sparingly cultivated in western China. The dried 

 peel is used in Chinese medicine. The fruits of No. 4738 are elongate-obovate, 

 with an apical papilla, 9-10 X 4-4.5 cm., slightly furrowed near the base. In the 

 absence of leaves it is difficult to be sure whether this specimen should be placed 

 under this species or not. It is just possible that this is the ancestral form from 

 which the following variety originated. 



Citrus Medica, var. sarcodactylis Swingle, n. comb. 



Citrus sarcodactylis Nooten, Fleurs Fruits Feuill. Java, No. 1^ t. 3 (1863). 

 Citrus medica, subsp. genuinay var. Chhangura Bonavia apud Engler in Engler 

 & Prantl, Nat Pfianzenfam. III. Abt. IV. 200 (1895).* 



* The following Prelinnean names are referable to this species : 



Malum citreum vulgare Ferrari, Hesperides^ t. 59, 61, 63 (1646). 

 Cedro Volkamer, Nurnb. Hesperid. t. U4, 116% 120% 120^ (1708); Con- 

 tinuation der Numb, Hesperid. t. 50, 57 (1714). 

 Citria malus Blackwell, Herb, emend. Ill, t. 361 (1760). 



* The following vernacular names belong to this variety; " Kou ytian," (Giles, 

 Chin. Diet ed. 2, No. 6140) *' Hsiang yiian " (Giles, 1. c, No, 4256) or *' Fo shou 

 kan " (Giles, I. c. No. 3589). — Wu Ch'i-chun, Chih wu ming shik t'u ¥ao, Bk. 

 31. fol. 24, 2 pL, also supplement Chang pien, Bk. 16, fol. 26-28 (1848). — Li Shih- 

 chen, P^n ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bret Schneider, Bot Sin. 1. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 13, 



