RUTACEAB, — CITRUS 147 



are more pointed and less serrate than those of the citron, the twigs are more 

 slender, the flowers are smaller and in a number of other characters small but 

 clearly marked differences are found between the two plants. 



The oldest available name for the lemon seems to be Citrus limonia Osbeck, 

 dating from 1765. The original Swedish edition of Osbeck*s travels, published in 

 1757 did not give this plant a Latin name {Daghok ofwer en Ostindisk Resaj 192). 

 This Osbeck added to the German translation published 8 years later. The ap- 

 plication of the name is rendered obscure by faulty translation of the description 

 in the German, and still more in the English edition of 1774, but the Latin diag- 

 nostic phrase published in the original Swedish edition applies very well to the 

 lemon. The Cantonese name given as " na-m3-ng " in Swedish is incorrectly given 

 as " Na-mang " in German, which has a very different sound. Dr. Hing Kwei 

 Fung, a Cantonese graduate of the Agricultural School of Cornell University, 

 recognized the name given in Swedish as being the colloquial pronunciation of 

 the words " ning mong " in Cantonese meaning a lemon, which is still commonly 

 grown and sold in pots as in Osbeck's day. Osbeck evidently intended to include 

 in this species the common lemons such as he saw growing in Spain, though he did 

 not find them in China. According to Bretschneider (in C/iinese Recorder, III. 179 

 [1870]) the book name of the lemon is " Hsiang t'ao," fragrant peach, the name 

 ''ning meng" (Giles, Chin. Diet ed. 2, Nos. 8332 and 7767, the same as "ning 

 mong'' in Cantonese) not being found in the books. 



V 



Citrus Aurantium Linnaeus, Spec. 782 (1753).^ 



Aurantium acre Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8, errata, (1768). 



Citrus fusca Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. II. 467 (1790). 



Citrus Medica Roussel, Fl. Calvados, 174 (non Linnaeus) (1796). 



Citrus Florida Salisbury, Prodr. 378 (1796). 



Citrus vulgaris Risso in Ann. Mus. Paris, XX. 190 (1813). — Berg & Schmidt, 



Darst. Beschreib. Off. Gew. III. 31, t. (1861). — Bentley &Trunen, Med. 



PI. I. 50, t. (1880). 

 Citrus Bigarradia Risso in Nouv. Duhamel, VII. 99 (1816). 

 Citrus Bigaradia Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. 72, t. 30 (1818-22). 

 Citrus daidai Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. XII. 59 (Syn. Pi. Oec. Jap.) 



(nomen nudum) (1830). 

 Citrus amara Link, Handh. Erkenn. Nutzh. Gew. IL 346 (1831). 

 Citrus Aurantium, var. amara Kosteletzsky, Allgem. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2000 



(1836). 

 Citrus Kama Rafinesque, Sylva Tell. 142 (1838). 

 Citrus communis Le Mout & Decaisne, Traite GSn. Bot. 318 (1868). 

 Citrus Aurantium, var. Bigaradia Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 515 (1875).* 



* The following Prelinnean names are referable to this species : 



Aurantium olysiponense Ferrari, Hesperid. t. 427, (1646). 

 Aranzo Silvestre Volkamer, Nurnh. Hesperid. t. 188 (1708). 

 Aurantium Acidum Rumphius, Herb. Amb. IL 111, t. 33 (1741). 



■ Vernacular names: "iCh'^ng " (Giles Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 774), Wu Chi-chun, 

 Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 31, fol. 8, with 1 plate, also Chang pien, Bk. 17, 

 fol. 45 (1848). — Li Shih-ch^n, P^n ts'ao kang mu, 1596 (see Bret Schneider, Bot. 

 Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 12, figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu), cited from 

 1655 ed.— Tu shutsich'eng, 1728 {see Bretschneider, 1. c, 71), Sect. 4, Science, 

 I>iv. 20, Botany (Ts'ao mu), Bk. 230, 15 fol., with 1 plate, cited from large reprmt. 



