466 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



fig. 6 (1909). —Skan in BoL Mag. CXXXVI. t.8337 (1910). — Bean, Treez 

 & Shrubs Brit. Isl. 1. 259, fig. (1914). 

 Betula candelae Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 147 (1913). 



JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Iburi, Nobori-betsu, common in forests, July 3, 

 1914 (No. 7070, tree 20-30 m. tall, girth 1.5-3.6 m.); ''in sylvis Iwanai," Sep- 

 tember 1904, U. Faune (No. 5781); " in sylvis Jirafu," June 26, 1905, U. Fame 

 (Nos. 6599; young fruits; 6632); prov. Ishikari, Mt. Moiwa near Sapporo, Sep- 

 tember 6, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 20-26 m. tall, girth 0.6-0.9 m., pale orange 

 bark; sterile); without locality, C. Maodmowicz (type, ex Regel). Hondo: prov. 

 Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate, July 26, 1908 (ex Herb. K. Sakurai; fruits); prov. Iwashiro, 

 Ose, August 10, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. Shimotsuke, Lake Chuzenji, 

 August 12, 1905, /. G, Jack (fruits). 



This magnificent Birch is common in southern and central Hokkaido, where it is 

 known as Kaba or Red Birch, and its wood is exported to America and Europe 

 in increasing quantities. On the island of Hondo it occurs sparingly in the Nikko 

 region and elsewhere, and it reaches the southern limits of its range on the 

 Japanese Ali:)s in Shinano province, where I met with it near Nakabusa-onsen on 

 the lower slopes of Tsubakura-dake. It grows from 26 to 33 m. tall and has a trunk 

 clean of branches for more than half its height; the crown is roundish and mop-like. 

 The bark on old trees is orange-gray to grayish browTi and gray, and splits into 

 long and broad thin sheets many of which remain on the tree in the form of shaggy 

 masses. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x327, x32S, x331, x332, 

 x358 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W. 



2. Betula cylindrostachya Wallich,i Plant. As. Rar. II. 7 (1831), — Kegel in 

 Bull. Soc. Nat Mosc. XXXVlll. pt. 2, 418 (1865). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. 1, 

 639 (1872).— Mouillefert, TraitS Arb. tfc Arbriss. II. 1124 (1897). — Schneider, 

 III. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 882, fig. 552 e-f (1904). 



Betulaster cylindrostachya Spach in Ann. Set. Nat. ser. 2, XV. 198 (1841). 

 Betula acuminata, var. cylindrostachya Regel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 



XIII. pt. 2, 129 {Monog. Bcttdac. 71), t. 6, fig. 32-34 (1861). 

 Betula cylindrostachys, var. typica Regel in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 



180 (1868) exclud. synonymis. 

 Betula alnoides Collett, Fl. Siml. 472 (non Plamilton) (1902). 

 Betula alnoides, var. cylindrostachya Winkler in Engler, PJlanzenr. IV.-61, 91 



(pro parte maxima) (1904). 



INDIA. Kumaon: without locahty, R. Blinkworth (No. 2794 of Wallich's 

 Cat.; type, ex Wallich); same region, R. Colquhoun (co-tjTe, fide Lindley); same 

 region, alt. 2000-2400 m., common, Strachey ct Winterbottom (No. 3; fruUs and 

 flowers); same region, "alt. 5-9000 ped.," T. Thomson; same region, Naini tal, 

 alt. 2100 m., Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 4; young flowers). Punjab : Bhali, 

 Bashahr state, Simla district, alt. 2400 m., May 1908 (fruits). United ^I^"^' 

 inces: II Chakrata, alt. 2100 m., May 12, 1912, R. Manickam (No. 87, HerD. 

 Imp. For. Coll. Dehra Dun; young fruits). ,. 



So far as I can judge from the above material this may be regarded as a dis- 

 tinct species which is very nearly related to B. alnoides Hamilton. Most ^^l^^^*^^^ 

 have confused it with B. alnoides Hamilton {B. acuminata Wallich), which diflers 



^ Wallich is the author of the names B. cylindrostachya and B. acuminata, but 

 Lindley is the author of the descriptions in the PI. As. Rar., as he gave his manu- 

 script to WalUch. 



