BETULACEAE, — ALNUS 503 



Subgen. III. ALNASTER EndUcher, Gen. Ruppl. II. 28 (1842); IV. pt. 2, 20 

 (1847). — Rcgel in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVIII. pt. 2, 421 (1865). — PrantI 

 in Engler & Prantl, N'at, PJlunzenfam. 111. abt. 1, 45 (1887). — Matsumura in 

 Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XVI. art. 5, 1 (1902. 



Alnus, sect. Alnohctula W. D. Kouhj Syn. Fl. Germ. TIdv. 663 (sine dcscrip- 

 tione) (1837); ed. 2, 762 (1843). — Winkler in Engler, PJlanzenr. 1V.-61, 102 

 (1904). — Asclierson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 413 (1911). 



Alnaster Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. s4t. 2, XV. 200 (1841). — Ledebour, FL 

 Ross. III. pt. 2, 655 (1850). 



Alnits, subgen. Alniheiula Petermann, Deutsche Fl. 516 (1849). 



Alnoheiula Schur in Verh. Siehenhurg. Ver, Nalurw. IV. 68 (1853); Enum. PI. 

 Transsilv. 614 (1866). 



Alnv^j sect. Alnaster Kegel in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII. pt. 2, 133 

 (Monog. Betulac. 7b) (1861), exclud. A. napalensis et A. nitida; in De 

 CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 181 (1868). 



Alnus, subgen. Alnoheiula K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 625 (1872). — Dippel, 

 Handb. LauhUlzk. II. 143 (1892). — Koehnc, Deutsche Dendr. 112 (1893).— 

 Callier apnd Sclmeider, III. Ilandb. Lauhhohk. I. 120 (1904). 



Wolpert in Flora^ C. 37 {Vergleich. Anal, u, Entwicklungsgeschichte v. A. alno- 

 heiula u. Bctula) (1910) gives a very interesting account of the differences between 

 the true Alnv^ and the subgen. Alnaster and of the affinities of the latter with Betula, 



Senes a. Vikides Schneider, n. ser. (descriptio in clavi). 



The species placed into this group are very closely related. I doubt wliether 

 the characters taken by Calher from the male flowers are constant enough to dis- 

 tmguish Alnus viridis^ Lamarck & De Candolle from A. sinuata Rydberg, etc. 

 The typical A . viridis does not occur within our area so far as I know, but Callier 

 (apud Schneider, III. Handb. Lauhholzk, I. 121 (1904) refers specimens collected 

 by Middendorff " ad fl. Boganida *' and others to var. typica, f. repens Callier, 1. c. 

 I have not seen these plants, but they are referred to A. fruticosa by Trautvetter. 



13. Alnus fruticosa Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich^ II. 53 {FL 

 Samojed. Cisural.) (1845). — Trautvetter in Middendorff, SiUr. Reise, I. pt. 2, 

 Bot. abt. 1, 152 {FL Boganid.) (1857). — Komarov in AcL Hort Petrop. XXII. 

 58 {FL Mansk. II) (1903). — Callier apud Schneider, IlL Handb. Lauhhohk. I. 

 121, fig. 66 h (1904); II. 888 (1912); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 226 (1911). — 

 Koidzumiin Tokyo Ba. Ma^. XXVII. 144 (1913). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand, 

 CycL HorL I. 253 (1914). ~ Nakai in Tokyo BoL Mag. XXIX. 45 (1915). 



Alnaster fruiicosus Ledebour, FL Ross. III. pt. 2, 655 (1850). —Traut- 

 vetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Sihir. Reise, I, pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 85 {FL 



* There is some confusion about the synonyms of this species, which are given 

 as follows: 



Alnus viridis Lamarck & De Candolle, FL Frang. III. 304 (1805). 



Belida viridis Chaix apud Villars, Hl^L PL Dauph. 1. 374 (1786). 



Betula alnoheiula Ehrhart, Beitr. 11. 72 (1788). 



Betiikt, omia Schrank, Eater. FL I. 419 (1789). 



Alnus ovata Loddiges, BoL Cab. XII. t. 1141 (1826). 



Alnaster viridis Spach in Ann. Sci. NaL s6t. 2, XV. 201 (1841). 



Alnus alnoheiula Th. Hartig, Naturg. Forstl. CuUurpfl. 372 (pro synon.) (1851). 



Schweinfurth apud Ascherson, FL Prov. Brandenh. 622 (1864). 

 Alnobetida viridis Schur in Verh. Siehcnhilrg. Ver. Naiwrw. IV. 68 (1853). 



