FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 211 
in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 251 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. 
Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX XI. 209 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. 
Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2,26 (1913). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 127 (1914). — 
Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 60 (1915). 
Quercus obovata Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, II. 136 
(Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 62) (1833). — Carruthers in Jour. Linn. Soc. VI. 32 
(1862). 
Quercus dentata, 8 Wrightii A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 13 (1864). — 
Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 408, t. 7, fig. 6 (1895). 
Quercus Daimio Hort. ex K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 2, 45 (pro synon.) (1873). 
Quercus yunnanensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 146 (1899). 
Quercus dentata, var. grandifolia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 161 
(1912). 
Quercus nipponica Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 161 (1912). — Nakai 
in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 61 (1915). 
Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1300 m., June 
1910 (No. 4584; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); “ Ou-tan-scian," 
alt. 2090 m., July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 344). Western Szech’uan: 
southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 1300 m., October 1908 (No. 1297; 
tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains to 
northward, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9201). Shantung: moun- 
tains near Chefoo, E. Faber (No. 101; in Herb. Gray). Chili: north 
of Peking, Ming tombs, October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, 
October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 225); near “ San-tun-ying," May 31, 
1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 38, 976); hot springs, “ Tang-shan," October 
1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 214). 
. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Eastern Mongolia: Jehol, A. David (No. 1704; 
in Herb. Gray); same locality, 1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 273, 274). Korea: 
Wonsan, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Fusan, May 21, 1906, U. Faurie 
(Nos. 187, 188); “ Ouen-san," July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 193); Chemulpo, 
September 1906, U. Faurie (No. 186); Quelpaert, September 1908 and June 1909, 
uw (Nos. 1434, 2549); Port Hamilton, 1859, C. Wilford (No. 2; in Herb. 
ray). 
This Oak is widely dispersed, but is not common in western Hupeh or in Szech'uan 
and large trees are rare. Neither can it be said to be a common tree in southern 
or central Japan, but in Hokkaido, and especially in the north and west, it forms 
pure woods in open valleys and on low mountain slopes. At its best it is a tree from 
20 to 25 m. tall with ascending and spreading branches forming an oval or flattened 
crown and a trunk from 2 to 3 m. in girth, covered with handsome, deeply furrowed, 
firm and dark gray bark. "The wood is very hard and tough and of little commercial 
value, but the bark is very valuable and is largely employed in Japan in tanning 
hides. In Japan it is known as the Ko-gashiwa. For so widely distributed a tree 
it is remarkably constant in its characters. A slight variation in length of the 
bristly cup scales and of the degree of pubescence on the leaves and shoots is all 
that is noticeable. The fruit ripens in one season and on plants a foot high it is 
often as large and as perfect as on full-grown trees. 
