252 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 
231; according to Meyer’s note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Industr., No. 187, 
48, No. 22364 [1909], “ a shrubby Elm, often having irregular corky wings along its 
branches. Grows on very dry and rocky mountain slopes, growing a couple of feet 
up to 20 or 30 feet high. Chinese name Shan yushu. Seems to be very variable in 
habitus.” Distributed as U. macrocarpa Hance? Young plants are growing in the 
Arnold Arboretum). Shansi: Yento, March 1, 1908, F. N. Meyer (No. 275; ac- 
cording to Meyer’s note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Industr., No. 142, 24, 
No. 22678 [1909], ‘‘ a densely branched Elm of shrubby growth, occasionally grow- 
ing into a small tree; found growing on a sunny rocky mountain slope at about 
4000 feet altitude.” Cultivated plants in the Arboretum look much like those of 
the preceding number). 
Of this species I have seen only one fruit from David’s No. 1718, kindly sent to 
the Arnold Arboretum by the Director of the botanical department of the Muséum 
in Paris. According to the characters given in the key on p. 248 this species be- 
longs to subsect. Glabrae and has no relationship whatever with U. americana Lin- 
naeus, U. pedunculata Fougeraux or U. alata Michaux mentioned by Hance 88 
“ closely allied ” to his species. Unfortunately I have not seen mature leaves and 
I do not know how to distinguish without fruits U. Davidiana Planchon (see p. 261) 
and U. japonica Sargent from U. macrocarpa. According to Komarov (1903) this 
Elm seems to be a common plant in northern China and Mandshuria, and it may 
Show the same variations as appear in the European U.’foliacea Gilibert. Judging by 
the sterile specimens collected by F. N. Meyer and W. Purdom, mentioned under the 
different species, and also by young cultivated plants I believe that U. macrocarpa 
can be distinguished by the rather flat corky wings of the branches, while in U. 
japonica the corky excrescences are not wing-like, but are more irregular in shape 
and grow almost round the whole branch. The specimens I am inclined to take for 
U. Davidiana show no corky wings and are much more glabrous (branchlets, peti- 
oles, leaves), the leaves being large, broadly or even roundish obovate, with many 
parallel nerves and a somewhat longer petiole. See p. 261. Some specimens of 
Meyer's mentioned under U. pumila Linnaeus (p. 242) bear some resemblance to 
shrubby forms of either U. macrocarpa or U. japonica. 
The description given by Carriére of his U. rotundifolia is insufficient, and the 
figure shows only a part of a sterile branch with 3 leaves. In the shape the leaves 
somewhat resemble those of the specimens of Meyer and Purdom mentioned under 
U. Davidiana, but Carriére says “ feuilles . . . trés reguli¢rement dentées ” and 
in the figure the dentation is simple, not compound, as in all the specimens before 
me. According to Planchon Carriére’s species is the same as U. macrocarpa; it 
was raised from seeds collected by David. Without having seen original specimens 
of Carriére’s species, it cannot be determined if his name is the oldest for either 
U. macrocarpa or U. Davidiana. Both came from Jehol, but they are not the same, 
as Hemsley believes, the latter being most nearly related to U. japonica Sargent. 
Series b. EUGLABRAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). 
Without fruits it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish the species of this 
series from those of the Nitentes, and we need further investigation on the variabil- 
ity of each species according to its age and the situation where it is found. Plants 
grown in shady moist places always have the leaves very different from those of 
plants growing in dry sunny places, and the leaves of young well-growing cultivat 
plants usually look different from those of old trees. "There seem to be no forms with 
corky branches of the species of this series so far as we now know. 
4. Ulmus Brandisiana Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). 
?Ulmus effusa Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 432 (non Willdenow) (1874), quoad speci- 
men Thomsonii. 
?Ulmus Wallichiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 480 (pro parte) (1888). 
