256 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 
winter-buds of Japanese plants of U. laciniata are spindle-shaped and rather acute, 
resembling those of U. laevis Pallas, but in plants from Chili grown in the Arnold 
Arboretum the buds are more ovate and the deep red-brown scales are very hairy 
on the margin, while in Japanese plants which were brought by J. G. Jack from 
Chuzenji the scales are only very finely ciliate and of a lighter color in the lower part. 
Whether or not the plants from northern China may represent a distinct variety 
needs further investigation. 
This species occurs sparingly in moist woods near Lake Yumoto, in the Nikko 
region, and in slightly increasing numbers northward, but it is nowhere plentiful in 
Hondo. In Hokkaido it is fairly common, more especially in the central parts of 
this island, and always is associating with mixed trees. As I saw it this Elm is in 
Japan always a small, slender and unimportant tree, not more than 12 m. tall, with 
a trunk scarcely 1 m. in girth and covered with gray, fairly smooth, fibrous bark. 
My observations as to the size of this tree agree with those of Maximowicz and Sar- 
gent. Mayr, who says it grows 30 m. tall and is an important constituent of the 
forests in central Hokkaido, confuses it with U. japonica Sargent. On the mainland 
of eastern Asia it would appear to be a larger tree than in Japan, for Sargent noted 
it as a “ very large tree on the mountains twelve hours east of Harbin by railroad.” 
A picture will be found under No. x365 of the collection of my Japanese photo- 
graphs. E. H. W. 
Subsect. 2. FOLIACEAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). 
This subsection contains the most difficult forms, especially those of the following 
Series. 
Series a. Nrrentes Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 89 (1914). — Schneider in 
Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). 
The species of this series are very closely related, and it is difficult to distinguish 
some of them without carefully collected material with flowers, fruits and mature 
leaves. In Europe they are connected with the species of ser. GLABRAE by many 
natural hybrids, but we do not yet know if there are any such hybrids in eastern 
Asia or in India. 
9. Ulmus castaneifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 440, t. 10 (1894). — 
E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 
II. 904, fig. 565 c-d, 566 e-f (1912). 
CHINA. Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7780, type; with ripe 
fruits on leafless branchlets); same locality, mountains, summer 1900, E. H. Wil- 
son (Veitch Exped. No. 677 in part; sterile); Chienshi Hsien, May 1900, E. H. 
Wilson (Veitch Exped. No. 545; with ripe fruits and very youngleaves). Eastern 
oe Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5498, co-type; sterile, young and old 
eaves). 
The young flowers of this species which seems to have a very limited distribu- 
tion in central China are not yet known. The species is well characterized by 
the shape of its leaves and fruits, as described in the key. The largest leaf I have 
seen is about 14 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, without the rather thick petiole, which 
measures 10 mm. in length. The surfaces of the leaves are more or less rough, but 
otherwise glabrous with the exception of a few hairs on the impressed rib of the 
upper surface and the clusters of gray hairs in the axils of the prominent lateral 
veins beneath. 
10. Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneider. See p. 238. 
Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneider, var. psilophylla Schneider. See p. 239. 
