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Type locality: In the Colorado Valley near the mouth of Bill WiUiams River. 

 Distribution: Nevada, Utah, Arizona, California, and Lower CaHfornia. 



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Coulter has described three varieties of this species, none of which is quite typical, but 



all to the soecies Droner. His 



seeing more specimens we can only refer them all to 

 parkeri seems more like a very spiny form of O. parryi 

 r, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 446. 1806) was published a 



9. parkeri Engelmann 

 synonym. 



Mrs. Brandegee thought Opuntia^echinocar pa 

 th it (Erythrea 5: 122). 



Monatsschr. Kakteenk 



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from a olant collected bv Dr. Rose near the Salton Sink, Cali 



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fornia, showing a flowering joint. 



19. 



serpentina Engelmann, Amer, J 



1852. 



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Cereus californicus Torrey and Gray, FI. N. Amer. i : 555. 1840. Not Opunlia californtca Engelmann. 



1848. 

 Optinlia californtca Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: iiq. 1899. 



Ascending, erect, or prostrate; branches slender, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, bluish green, strongly 

 tuberculate; leaves minute; tubercles elevated, i to 1.5 cm. long, longer than broad, flattened; spines 

 7 to 20, brown, covered with yellowish -brown papery sheaths about i cm. long; glochids light brown; 

 flowers close together at the top of short branches, about 4 cm. broad, greenish yellow, the outer 

 petals tinged with red; ovary strongly tuberculate, spiny, with a depressed umbilicus; fruit dry, very 

 spiny. 



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Type locality: Near the seacoast about San Diego, California. 



Distribution: Southern California and northern Lower California. 



Cactus californicus Nuttall, although given in the Index Kewensis 

 (i • 367), was never published by Nuttall, although he did have the name 

 in manuscript, as stated in Torrey and Gray's ' ' Flora ' ' in the place cited 

 above, where it was taken up as a Cereus. 



Figure 68 is from a plant collected by Mr. G. Sykes near San 

 Diego, California. 



Series 5. BIGELOVIANAE. 



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United States and I^ower California. They are low, bushy plants, with 

 short definite trunks densely covered with short, stout, very spiny branches, 

 the spines white, straw-colored, or yellow, the tubercles, at least those of 

 young shoots, little if any longer than broad, and considerably elevated. 

 Their fruits are fleshy berries. 



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K^Y TO Spkcies. 



Larger spines numerous; upper tubercles on fruit larger than lower ones 20. O.higelovii 

 Larger spines 4 to 6; tubercles on fruit all alike 21. O. ciribe 



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-^^. 20. Opuntia bigelovii Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. 



Usually with a central, erect trunk, i meter high or less, with short 

 lateral branches, the upper ones erect; joints usually 5 to 15 cm. long, very 

 turgid, with closely set areoles and almost impenetrable armament; tubercles 



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Fig. 68. — Opuntia ser- 

 pentina. X0.66 



slightly elevated, pale green, somewhat 4-sided, about as long as broad, i cm. broad or less; spines, 



as well as their papery sheaths, pale yellow; flowers several, borne at the tips of the branches, 4 



cm. long including the ovary ; sepals orbicular, about i cm. in diameter, tinged with red; petals 



about 1.5 cm. long, pale magenta to crimson; ovary 2 cm. long, its large areoles bearing brown wool 



and several acicular spines; fruit usually naked, strongly tuberculate, the upper tubercles larger than 

 the lower. 



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