k 

 ^ 



164 



THE CACTACEAE. 



may not be an Opuntia. In the original description the 



are described as 6-angled, which suggests a cyhndric Op 



K 



1908. 



rather than areoles. 



28. CARNEGIEA Britton and Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Card. 9: 187. 

 A large, columnar cactus with stout, erect, many-ribbed stems and branches, the areoks^fdted 

 and spiny the spines of flowering and sterile areoles different; flowers borne smgly at the uppermost 



ana J'piny, luc spiiica ^x i & — „^r,rUr r^^rlinHr p exnanded above mto the 



it, 

 rr 



cylindric 

 small 



gments 



three 



ovarv oblone, covered witn scales simuar lu uiu^c ui lu^ lui^^., o^^xx^v.*... .^^j ;™ .-' , . 



fourths as "fig as the inner perianth-segments; stigma-lobes 12 to ^8, narrowly linear, reaching^ 



ittle above thi stamens; fruit an oblong, elUpsoid, or somewhat obovoid berry sphtting down from 



the top into . or,3 sections, containing red pup and beanng small d.^^^^^^^^^^^ it i^embrv: 



spineless or bearing a few short spmes; seeds smau, very 

 hooked ; cotyledons incumbent ; endosperm wanting. 



It is dedicated to 



A monotypic genus 01 tne souinwesieni umteu otatca cxn^a vj^i^w^c*. -- .- 



Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919), distinguished philanthropist and patron of science. 



1, Camegiea gigantea (Engelmann) Britton and Rose, Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gar 



Cereus giganieus Engelmann in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 159. 1848.! 

 Pilocereus engeltnannii Lemaire, lUustr. Hort. 9: Misc. 97. 1862. 

 Pilocereus giganieus Rumpler in Forster, Hand. Cact. ed. 2. 662. 1885. 



1908. 



Stem simple and upright, up to 12 meters high, or with one or two lateral branches, or some- 



with 



cm. apart or nearly contiguou 



felted; spines of two kinds, those at the top of flowering plants acicular, yellowish brown, porrect, 

 those of sterile plants and on the lower parts of flowering plants more or less subulate, the ^f^^^^^ 



cm. lone, sometimes 



as long when fully expanded; tube about 1.5 cm. long, green 



throat 



cm. long, white or cream-colored; ovary somewhat tuberculate, bearing scales with woolly axils; 

 ovules numerous ; berry red or purple, obtuse, 6 to 9 cm. long, edible, its few, distant scales ovate, 

 2 to 4 mm. long, with or without i to 3 short acicular spines in their axils. 



Type locality: Along the Gila River, Arizona. 



Distribution: Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora, Mexico. 



The size of the giant cactus is usually overestimated, for it is generally stated to be 

 from 15 to 24.4 meters high, while the tallest plants actually measured are not over 12 

 meters high. Dr. MacDougal reports weighing a plant which was approximately 5.5 meters 

 high, which weighed nearly 770 kilograms.* There are a number of Mexican and South 

 American soecies which are taller and which would weierh more than Camegiea gigantea; 



Lemaireocereus weheri must be many times heavi 



Although this species was not described until 

 early missionaries in California and Mexico (abo 

 according to Engelmann, in his work on New 



seems to have been known to int 



It is referred to by Humboldt 



i: 225). According to Dr. Mac 



imntea was made by J. O. Patter 



in 1825. 



* Dr. Charles E. Bessey (Science n. s. 40: 680. 1914) reports that he had the stamens in one flower counted, and 

 found that there were 3»482, while one ovary contained 1,980 ovules. 



t It is usually stated that this species was published on page 1 58, this even being the reference given by Engelmann 

 himself. Emory's report, in which this species was described, was printed at least twice the same year and about 

 the same date, once as a Senate Document (Executive Document No. 7) and once as a House Document (Executive 

 Document No. 41). In the former Cereus giganieus occurs on page 159 and in the latter on page 158. There has 

 been considerable speculation and much difference of opinion as to which edition was published first, but we have 

 recently come into possession of Emory's personal copy of the Senate Document No. 7 marked "with manuscript 

 corrections by the author." From this copy the type of the other edition was set uo. 



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