98 THE CACTACEAE. 
synonyms; one of them is Echinocactus subgibbosus which Haworth states in his original 
description comes from Valparaiso. This is doubtless Pfeiffer’s Chilean element of the 
species. Another synonym is Cereus montevidensis Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. 65. 1837) which 
is the Montevideo element. ‘Two other names, but not described until later, E. acanthion 
and E. interruptus, seem to represent the Mexican element. In the Addenda (181. 1837) 
he adds two synonyms, £. crenatus and E. guyannensis. In addition to this synonymy 
Pfeiffer described plants in the Berlin Betanical Garden, the origin of which was not stated. 
Forster’s treatment (Handb. Cact. 291. 1846) is still more complex. He gives the 
distribution: Mexico, Buenos Aires, Chile, and Brazil. With Brazil he includes Monte- 
video, Para, and Guiana. Here he refers as synonyms those given by Pfeiffer and adds: 
Echinocactus valparaiso, Cereus hoffmannseggii, Mammillaria hoffmannseggii, and M. gib- 
bosa (Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 343. 1834). He also mentions or describes the following 
varieties: fulvispinus, dichroacanthus (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 18. 1845; 
Cereus dichroacanthus Martius in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 76. 1837), foveolatus (Salm-Dyck, 
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 18. 1845; Cereus foveolatus Haage jr. in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 
77. 1837), tenuispinus and thrincogonus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 293. 1846; Echinocactus 
thrincogonus Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 22. 1839). 
Echinocactus pseudo-cereus Meinshausen (Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 29. 1858) is 
described from a barren plant supposed to have been grown from Mexican seed obtained by 
Karwinsky. If related to Echinocactus exsculptus, as stated by Meinshausen, it is more 
likely to have come from South America. 
Echinocactus acutissimus cristatus (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 567. 1885) probably 
belongs here. 
Echinocactus exsculptus gayanus Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 241. 1853) and 
Echinocactus gayanus (Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 22. 1839) were never described. 
Schumann has also referred here Echinocactus hoffmannseggit (Gesamtb. Kakteen 426. 
1898). He would also refer here Cactus berteri Colla and Echinocactus rostratus, both of 
which were also based on Valparaiso plants. 
Echinocactus exsculptus fulvispinus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 292. 1846) was supposed to 
be a form of the species proper, while the variety elatior (Férster, Handb. Cact. 293. 1846) 
was referred as a synonym of one of its varieties; Echinocactus exsculptus cristatus (Forster, 
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 566. 1885) is only an abnormal form; Echinocactus foveolatus Haage 
(Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 33. 1850) was never described but doubtless belongs 
ere. 
Echinocactus gayanus intermedius Monville (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 240. 1853) 
appeared as a synonym of EF. thrincogonus. 
Mammillaria ambigua G. Don (Loudon, Hort. Brit. 194. 1830), to which Cactus 
ambiguus Gillies was referred, seems never to have been described. Schumann did not 
know it, but thought that it was some Echinocactus. If it actually came from Chile, as 
reported, it may possibly be referable here. It may be the same as Melocactus ambiguus 
Pfeiffer, which, however, is usually referred to Echinopsis leucantha. 
Of this relationship is the plant described and illustrated by Walton (Cact. Journ. !: 
105. 1898) as Echinocactus rubidus superbissimus which he states is native of Chile. 
Illustrations: Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 37: pl. 17, f. 2, as Cactus bertert; Loudon, 
Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1201. f. 17360; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 65: pl. 3642, as Mammillaria atrata; 
Pfeiffer and Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: pl. 20; Bliihende Kakteen 3: pl. 133; Monatsschr. 
Kakteenk. 30: 139, as Echinocactus acutissimus; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 6s: pl. 3647, as M: ammil- 
laria floribunda; Martius, Fl. Bras. 47: pl. 51, f. 1; Knippel, Kakteen pl. 7; Schelle, Handb. 
Kakteenk. 195. f. 128, as Echinocactus exsculptus. 
Plate vin, figure 4, shows the flowering top of a plant brought by Dr. Rose to the 
New York Botanical Garden from east of Las Vilas, Chile, in 1914. 
