128 THE CACTACEAE. 
At first globular but becoming cylindric, when very old much elongated, 2 meters long or more, 
usually simple, but when injured often giving off several heads or branches; ribs numerous, often 25, 
3 em. high; areoles elliptic, large, sometimes 2.5 cm. long, brown-felted, 2 to 3 cm. apart, or the 
flowering ones often approximate; spines variable; radials, absent in young plants, thread-like to 
acicular, the longest 5 cm. long; central spines several, white to red, annular, all subulate, one of them 
much stouter, usually strongly flattened, strongly hooked; flowers yellow, some red, 5 to 6 cm. 
long; fruit yellow, oblong, scaly, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds dull black, the surfaces covered with shallow 
indistinct pits. 
Type locality: Dofiana, New Mexico. 
Distribution: El Paso, Texas, west through southern New Mexico and Chihuahua 
to Arizona and Sonora and perhaps south along the Gulf of California into Sinaloa. Re- 
ported also from Utah, perhaps erroneously, and from Lower California. 
A peculiar form was collected by J. W. Toumey at Dudleyville, Arizona, September 
25, 1896. The spine-clusters lack the marginal bristles, the spines are shorter and the 
flowers smaller. Mr. Toumey says that it is quite different from Echinocactus wislizent. 
Echinocactus wislizeni latispinus (Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 168) is without descrip- 
tion. 
Echinocactus wislizent purpureus is in the trade (Grassner). 
Echinocactus sclerothrix Lehmann (Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1838) is a very doubtful 
species; Schumann thought that it might be referred to E. wislizeni; if so, the name has 
priority. , 
Illustrations: Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 167. f. 97; Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. No. 4; 
Gard. Chron. III. 8: 159. f. 25; 35: 181. f. 75; Riimpler, Sukkulenten 112. f. 62; Cact. 
Journ. 1: pl. for March; July; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1911: pl. 6, A; Journ. Hort. Home 
Farm. III. 60: 144; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 185; 20: 57; 30: 19; Cact. Mex. Bound. pl. 
25, 26; Pac. R. Rep. 4: pl. 3, f. 1, 2; Hornaday, Campfires on Desert and Lava, facing 216; 
Plant World 9: f. 47, 48; 11°: f. 2; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 510. f. 61; Gard. and For. 8: 
154. f. 24; Dict. Gard. Nicholson 4: 541. f. 25; Suppl. 337. f. 362; Watson, Cact. Cult. 126. 
f. 49, as Echinocactus wislizeni; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 151, as Echinocactus arizonicus; 
Saunders, Useful Wild Pl. opp. 158; Gard. Chron. II. 7: 749. f. 119; Kunze, Cactaceae 
1909, 1910, as Echinocactus; Emory Mil. Reconn. 157. No. 5, as Echinocactus emoryt; 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 123, A, as Echinocactus falconeri. 
Plate 1 is from a photograph taken by Dr. MacDougal near Pima Canyon, Arizona, 
in 1910; plate xu, figure 2, shows the flowering top of a plant sent by Dr. MacDougal to 
the New York Botanical Garden from Torres, Mexico, in 1902. Figure 131a@ is from a 
painting of Ferocactus wislizeni made for Dr. MacDougal, February 28, 1911. 
7. Ferocactus horridus sp. nov. 
Globular, 3 dm. in diameter or more; ribs 13, broad, 2 cm. high, obtuse, not tubercled; areoles 
1.5 to 2.5 cm. apart, large; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, spreading, white, 3 to 4 cm. long; central 
spines 6 to 8, very diverse, all reddish, either spreading or porrect, all straight except 1, this much 
elongated, often 12 cm. long, much flattened, very strongly hooked; flowers and fruit unknown. 
(No. rene) by J. N. Rose on San Francisquito Bay, Lower California, April 9, 1911 
7 Only very small plants of this species were obtained by Dr. Rose during his hurried 
visit at this locality in 1911. Larger plants will doubtless be found in this same region. 
Indeed, Ivan M. Johnston has reported seeing a plant there of this relationship which 
was ameter high. This species, while most closely related to F. wislizeni, is much more 
strongly armed. It has, perhaps, the most formidable spine-armament of any species of 
pus gemusi€ > central spine is not so long as in No. 14, but is stouter and more strongly 
oked. 
