220 THE CACTACEAE. 
Mammullarta besleri is credited by the Index Kewensis to Link and Otto in Riimpler 
(Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 1020. 1885) which is the index of that work where the name 
Melocactus besleri is intended. 
We have referred to this species the plant collected by Dr. Rose at Joazeiro, Bahia, in 
1915 (No. 19764), although we are not quite certain of this reference. Dr. Rose found the 
plant on the dry mesa east of the town. It is deep-seated in the hard ground and appears 
only a little above the surface. Old plants produce a large white-woolly cephalium from 
near the center of which the flowers appear. Birds are said to be very fond of the fruit of 
this plant. 
Illustrations: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16': pl. 16, as Cactus placentiformis; Nov. Act. Nat. 
Cur. 18: Suppl. 1. pl. 4, f. 2; Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. IT. 5°: pl. 1, f. 2, 2a, 2b; Verh. 
Ver. Beford. Gartenb. 3: pl. 21, as Melocactus besleri; Krook, Handb. Cact. 63; Nov. Act. 
Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1. pl. 15; Palmer, Cult. Cact. 127; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 449. 
f. 51; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 1, as Discocactus insignis; Besler, Hort. Eystett. 
4. Ord. f. 1, as Melocactus; Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: f. 64. 
Figure 234 is a reproduction of the first illustration cited above; figure 233 is from a 
photograph, taken by Paul G. Russell, of Dr. Rose’s plant at Joazeiro, Brazil. 
7. Discocactus bahiensis sp. nov. 
Small, about 6 cm. in diameter, somewhat flattened; ribs about 10, but nearly hidden under the 
mass of spines; cephalium prominent, made up of a mass of white wool, almost devoid of bristles; 
spines 7 to 9, slightly flattened, stout, somewhat curved backward, rose-colored, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; 
flowers 4 to 5 cm. long with a slender tube; perianth-segments oblong, white, tinged with yellow; 
fruit a small naked berry; seeds globular, tuberculate. 
Obtained by Dr. J. N. Rose through Dr. Leo Zehntner near Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil 
(Rose’s No. 19783, type, and No. 19742). | 
Somewhat similar to D. zehntneri in size, but with different spines, a more prominent 
cephalium, and coarser tuberculations on the seeds. 
Plate xx1v, figure 4, shows the type which flowered in the New York Botanical Garden 
in April 1916. 
a / , 
7 \) 2. CACTUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 466. 1753. 
Melocactus Link and Otto, Verh. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 417. 1827. 
Plants solitary or clustered, globular to short cylindric, sometimes depressed, at least when 
young, 1-jointed, bearing clusters of spines on the ribs; ribs 9 to 20, mostly straight, rarely spiraled 
in some individuals; inflorescence a compact mass of hairs and bristles forming a cephalium borne 
at the top of the plant, this often very large and elongated; flowers small, pinkish, appearing in the 
mid-afternoon from the top of the cephalium, tubular-salverform, the few perianth-segments spread- 
ing; stamens attached near the top of the slender flower-tube; style slender: stigma-lobes linear, 
few; fruit clavate, naked, red or rarely white; seeds black. 
Type species: Cactus melocactus Linnaeus. 
The terminal cephalium is a woody axis, the wood-elements arranged in interlock- 
ing spirals, showing a characteristic, complicated pattern, in cross-section, well illustrated 
in that of Cactus intortus; on this axis the flower-bearing areoles are densely aggregated, 
spineless, but woolly and often bristly. 
The fruits in this genus are very much alike in shape, varying from white to scarlet, 
always smooth, naked, and of an agreeable acid taste. T hey are often eaten in the West 
Indies being slightly juicy when first ripe. 
About 224 names occur under V elocactus and 282 under C actus; many of the latter, 
however, are referable to other genera. We recognize 18 species in the genus Cactus as 
here circumscribed. 
