44 THE CACTACEAE. 
Plants solitary or in clusters forming mounds 3 to 6 dm. in diameter, globular, with prominent 
tubercles; areoles large, woolly; radial spines about 16, rather delicate, radiating, white; centrals 4 
to 6, divergent, much stouter, brownish, swollen at base; ovary green, naked; outer perianth-seg- 
ments greenish; inner ones somewhat pinkish, long-ciliate; innermost perianth-segments pinkish 
purple, narrow, acuminate, entire, spreading; filaments much shorter than the segments, pinkish, 
but paler below; style greenish to purple above, longer than the stamens; stigma-lobes linear, purple, 
about 8, apiculate; fruit green when mature, juicy, nearly globular, 1.5 cm. in diameter, with several 
(sometimes 5 or 6) small ciliate scales scattered over its surface; seeds light brown, 1.5 mm. long. 
oO 
Type locality: ‘‘Near the Mandan towns on the Missouri, lat. near 49°. 
Distribution: Manitoba to Alberta, Kansas, south to northern Texas and Colorado. 
The group to which Coryphantha vivipara belongs has always been very puzzling. 
Dr. Engelmann, our greatest authority on this group, was sometimes of one opinion and 
Fic. 42.—Coryphantha chlorantha. Fic. 43.—Coryphantha neo-mexicana, 
sometimes of another. Schumann rejected the specific name vivipara of Haworth for this 
plant since he thought that it was not the same as the vivipara of Engelmann, but in this he 
must be wrong, for Mammillaria vivipara Haworth was based upon Cactus viviparus Pursh, 
a name previously used by Nuttall, and both Pursh’s and Nuttall’s descriptions were 
based on the specimens collected by Nuttall in “Upper Louisiana”’ in 1812. This is 
undoubtedly the plant which Engelmann had in mind and which he called variety 
ra We have not seen the type, but Pursh stated that he had seen flowers in Lambert’s 
arden. 
Engelmann’s remarks regarding the variability ef the species are interesting. In the 
Proceedings of the American Academy (3: 269) he says: 
‘The extreme forms are certainly ver i iti 
y unlike one another, but the transit 
that I can not draw strict limits between them.” Sons are 50 gradual 
Coryphantha vivipara and the three following species are closely related. 
This plant is a day bloomer, and according to Engelmann the flowers become fully 
expanded about one o’clock in the afternoon. 
Hooker in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (pl i 
. 7718) figures and describes a plant pur- 
chased from D. M. Andrews of Boulder, Colorado, in which all the spines are brown, the 
flower is rose-red, and the stigma-lobes are linear and white. 
