NEOMAMMILLARIA. 71 
here. The name Cactus prolifer Willdenow (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 9. 1837) is doubtless 
to be referred here. Fawcett lists the plant from Jamaica (as Mammillaria simplex) but no 
specimens are known to us from that island, which was searched by Dr. Britton and the late 
Mr. William Harris. 
De Tussac (FI. Antill. 2: 216, pl. 32) refers it to Santo Domingo and he describes and 
figures it, mentioning a locality in the desert near Gonaives which, however, is in Haiti; 
his illustration, while undoubtedly of this species, is not an original but copied from that of 
De Candolle (Pl. Succ. pl. 111). The only similar plant we know from his locality is Mam- 
millaria pusilla, described as M. pusilla haitiensis by Schumann, which has been collected 
by Buch at this locality, and we have specimens from other collectors. We now believe 
that Neomammillaria mammillaris is confined to the coast of Venezuela and the adjacent 
islands, among which is Curacao. In 1913 Dr. Britton and Dr. Shafer found it common on 
the top of a limestone hill in Curacao (No. 3085) and in the same year Mr. Pittier obtained 
living plants near Cabo Blanco, Venezuela (No. 6471). These two are the only collections 
which have been made in recent years. 
Steudel (1821), under Mammillaria simplex, compares this species with Cereus 
flavescens and C. lanuginosus, but he must have meant Cactus instead of Cereus. 
Mammillaria microthele Monville and M. micrantha Hortus are names which Riimpler 
(Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 335. 1885) refers to M. caracassana; Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. 
Dyck. 1844. 9. 1845) also referred to it M. micracantha Monville. 
Mammillaria simplex affinis Otto is mentioned by Forster (Handb. Cact. 217. 1846), 
but is not described. 
> Mammillaria karstenii Poselger (Allg. Gartenz. 21: 95. 1853) is listed by Schumann 
among his little-known species. The Index Kewensis states that it comes from Argentina, 
which is doubtless a mistake. The type locality is given as ‘‘La Canada,” a common 
Spanish locality name. If collected by Karsten, it probably was obtained in Venezuela, 
in which case it would probably be referable to NV eomammillaria mammillarts. 
Mammillaria fuliginosa Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 93. 1850) we do not know, 
but if it came from Venezuela, where it is referred doubtfully by the Index Kewensis, 
it would belong here. ; . 
Illustrations: Hermann, Parad. 132. pl. 137, as Echinomelocactus manor, etc.; Commelin, 
Hort. Amst. 1: 105. f. 55; Plukenet, Opera Bot. 1: 148. pl. 29, f. 1, as Ficoides, etc. ; Bradley, 
Hist. Pl. Succ. 3: 11. pl. 29, as melon-thistle; Loudon, Encycl. Pl. ed. 2 and 3. 410. f. 6839; 
De Candolle, Pl. Succ. 137. pl. 111; Fl. Antill. 2: pl. 32, as Cactus mammillaris; De Can- 
dolle, Mém. Cact. pl. 7, as Mammillaria simplex. btained 
Figure 64 is reproduced from a colored drawing by Miss M. E. Eaton of a plant obtaine 
by Dr. Britton and Dr. Shafer on Curacao in 1913, which fruited the same year in the New 
York Botanical Garden. 
2. Neomammillaria nivosa (Link). 
Mammillaria nivosa Link in Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 11. 1837. 
Cactus nivosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891. ; 
Coryphantha nivosa Britton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2:45. 1915. 
Often forming large clusters 8 dm. in diameter, of 25 heads or more; separate specimens usuall} 
globose but sometimes cylindric, the largest ones 18 cm. in diameter, very spiny ; tuber es mt Ye 
10 mm. long, their axils filled with white wool; spines usually 14, bright yellow, acic' nan nee ise 
ones 1.5 cm. long; spine-areoles when young woolly, in age naked; flowers crea , eS . 
long; fruit clavate, 12 mm. long, red; seeds brown. 
Type locality: Tortola Island, Virgin Islands. 
Distribution: Southern Bahamas, Mona, Desec 
Little St. Island, Tortola, and Antigua. 
Known as the nowy cactus in the Virgin Islands and as the woolly nipple-cactus in 
the Bahamas. 
heo, Culebra, Buck Island, St. Thomas, 
