the Botanical Magazine a sketch of the early history of 
this valuable esculent. For the means of doing this I am 
much indebted to ‘ Notes on the History of Helianthus 
tuberosus,” by J. Hammond Trumbull and Asa Gray, con- 
tributed to the American Academy of Sciences in 1877. 
The said History may, like that of mankind, be regarded 
under three divisions, a traditional, an early botanical, and 
a medizeval and modern. Of these the traditional resolves 
itself into the fact of its having been cultivated as an 
article of food by the Indians of North America before the 
settlement in that country of Huropeans. The earliest 
evidence of this cited by Mr. Trumbull, is that derived 
from Champlain, who in 1605-6, observed that the Almon- 
chiquois Indians (of New England) had “ force des racines 
qu’els cultivent, lesquelles ont le goat d’Artichaut.” ‘To 
this Mr. Trumbull adds, that it is to these roots that 
Lescardot alludes (‘‘ Hist. de la Nouv. France” (1612) 
when, speaking of the same Indians and their country, he 
says that the latter contains a kind of roots ‘“ grosses 
comme naveaux, tres excellent 4 manger, ayans un gotit 
retirant aux cardes, mais plus agréable, lesquelles plantées 
multiplient en telle facon que c’est merveille.” Following 
these is Sagard Theodat, who, in his “Histoire des 
Canada ” (1636) mentions the roots which we, the French, 
call “‘ Canadiennes, or Pommes de Canada.” 
Proceeding now to the medizval history, or that of the 
cultivation of this plant in Europe, it seems to have been 
introduced into England very shortly a'ter, if not before 
it had attracted the attention of travellers as being pro- 
pagated by the Indians in America as a food product, for 
in the year 1617 Mr. John Goodyer of Maple Durham, 
Hampshire, received two small roots of it from Mr. ~ 
Franquevill of London, which being planted, enabled him 
before 1621 “to store Hampshire.” In October of the 
same year Mr, Goodyer wrote an account of it for T. 
Johnson, who printed it in his edition of Gerard’s “ Her- 
ball,’ which appeared in 1636, where it is called 
‘Jerusalem Artichoke.” Previous to which, in 1629, it 
had been figured and described under that name by 
Parkinson in his “ Paradisus” and “ Theatrum.” 
From the last given date to the present time the Jeru- 
salem Artichoke has been extensively cultivated in Hurope, 
