202 LXXV. RUBIACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Gaillonia. 
Tue Pensas; dry hills near Attock, Falconer, Stewart.—Distris. Nubia, Arabia, 
Persia. 
A small shrub, with slender, erect, terete, strict, dichotomously forked branches, 
the lower white. Leaves in distant pairs, 4-1 in, black when dry, seaberulous, 
margins revolute. Fruit about 4 in. long, of 2 narrowly oblong puberulous cocci 
surmounted by an erect scarious calyx-limb; segments of limb free or connate, 
elliptic, acute, white, veined, much longer than the eozei.—The Indian specimens are 
very imperfect. 
2. G. hymenostephana, Jaub. $ Spach Ill. Pl. Or. i. 146, t. 79; 
hoary and scaberulous, leaves linear-oblong with obsolete stipules, floral connate 
with 2-lobed stipules, flowers terminal solitary and fascicled, fruit with a large 
orbicular horizontal 5-lobed wing. Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. 15. 
PuwzaB, Fleming. Wuzurtstan, alt. 3500 ft., Stewart.—Disrri. Arabia, Belu- 
chistan, Affghanistan. 
A very small shrub, “ most fetid when fresh,” Stewart, with opposite divaricating 
strict slender branches. Leaves }-} in., margin revolute, Fruit of 2 small hispid 
cocci; the calyx-limb 1-J in. diam., pubescent or glabrate, membranous, reticulately 
veined. 
Tni» XVI. GALIEZ. 
89. RUBIA, Linn. 
Seabrid hispid or prickly erect diffuse or climbing herbs; stems Square, 
slender. Leaves 4-8 in a whorl, rarely opposite and stipulate. Flowers small 
or minute, in axillary and terminal cymes, pedicel jointed with the ovary. 
Calyx-tube ovoid or globose; limb 0. Corolla rotate or shortly bell- or funnel- 
shaped; lobes 4-5, valvate. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the corolla-tube, fila- 
ments short; anthers globose or oblong. Ovary 2-celled; style 2-fid or styles 
2, stigma capitate; ovules 1 erect in each cell; attached to the septum. Fruit 
small, didymous, fleshy, or globose by the suppression of a carpel. Seeds sub- 
erect, adhering to the pericarp, testa membranous; cotyledons broad thin, 
radicle slender inferior.— DisrRIB. Species about 30, chiefly temperate. 
l. R. cordifolia, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 588; scandent, leaves 4 in a 
whorl petioled ovate-cordate acute, nerves 3-7 from the base very strong. 
Wall. Cat. 6209; W. § A. Prodr. 442; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 121; Wt. IU. 
t. 128, bis. f. 1. R. Munjista, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 10; Fl. Ind.i. 374; DC. l.c; 
Wt. Ic. t. 187. R. Mungisth, Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, 207. R. javana, DC. 
Lc. R. secunda, Moon Cat, 10, R. alata, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey 
§ Wall. i. 384; Cat. 6208; DC.l.c. R. purpurea, Dene. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 
84, t. 92. R. scandens, Zoll. $ Morr.; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 338. R. chi- 
nensis, Regel § Maack in Reg. Fl. Ussur. 76, f. 8, t. 1. R. mitis, Mig. in Ann. 
Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 112. 
Throughout the hilly districts of India, from the NW. Hiwarava eastwards, 
ascending to 8000 ft., and southwards to Ceyton and Maracca.—Disrri. N.E. Asia 
from Dahuria to Japan and Java, Tropieal Africa. 
Climbing; root perennial; branches stout, smooth, or more often with the 
nerves beneath (usually) retrorsely scabrid. Leaves smooth or scabrid; lower 
2-4 in.; petiole 1-3 in., 2 often longer and with larger blades, upper leaves some- 
times acute at the base, shorter petioled. Cymes panicled, terminal; branches tri- 
chotomous, spreading, with opposite sessile leafy cordate bracts. Flowers minute, 
5- rarely 4-merous. Corolla-lobes lanceolate, tips ineurved. Anthers globose. Fruit 
4-4 in. diam., didymous or globose.—A very variable plant. The Khasian speci- 
mens have usually 3-nerved leaves, not impressed above; in Western Peninsula the 
nerves are 9-7, and deeply impressed. Eastern Himalayan specimens of Griffith's 
