Galium. | LXXV. RUBIACEEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 205 
Throughout the HrwArAvA and Krasta Mrs., alt. 410,000 ft., common. WESTERN 
Prninsuta; Nilgherry mts.—Distrip. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 
Perennial, glabrous or pubescent ; stem and branches trailing. Leaves 1-2 by 3-3 
in., rarely glabrous, margins usually flat. Cymes terminal; branches, peduncles, and 
pedicels very slender. Corolla white or yellowish-green, segments acute. Fruit 
small, elothed with hooked hairs, rarely glabrous. 
Var. javanicum; very hairy, internodes shorter, leaves often suborbicular or 
obovate apiculate, corolla more or less hairy. OG. javanicum, Blume Bijd. 943; DC. l.c. 
G. Requienanum, W. Z A. Prodr. 448; Wt. lc. t. 1042 (hairs of fruit erroneous).— 
Nilgherry hills. Java. 
Var. leiocarpa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 539; ovary and fruit glabrous.— Khasia mts., 
J. D. H. 4 T. T.—Java. 
2. G. boreale, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 600; erect, leaves sessile 4 in a 
whorl lanceolate obtuse rigid margins scabrid 3-nerved from the base, cymes 
axillary and terminal many-flowered. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1186 ; Boiss. FI. 
Orient. iii, 48. 
WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5—11,000 ft.; Kashmir, Falconer, Thomson ; 
Lahul, Jaeschke.—Distris. N. and Central Europe, Asia and America, the Caucasus 
and Armenia. e 
Perennial, glabrous or pubescent; stems 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-2 by 1-3 in., mar- 
gins recurved when dry. Cymes suberect with short divaricate branches and ovate 
bracts, Corolla white, segments subacute. Fruit i; in. diam., clothed with hooked 
hairs. 
tt Leaves penni-nerved, or nerves obsolete (never 3-nerved from the base). 
3. G. triflorum, Michr.; DC. Prodr. iv. 601; erect or decumbent, 
almost smooth, leaves sessile 6-8 in a whorl penni-nerved and narrowly elliptic 
or lanceolate acuminate, or petioled and shorter and broader elliptic or obovate 
apiculate or acute, cymes age axillary and terminal Willd. Hort. 
Berol. t. 66. G. gratum, Wall. Cat. 6211. G. asperuloides, Edgew. in Trans. 
Linn. Soc. xx. 61. Asperula galioides, Jacq. Journ. A. consanguinea, Klotzsch 
in Pr. Wald. Reise. Bot. 87, t. 74. 
TEMPERATE HiMaravxa, alt. 6—10,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan.—Disrrip. 
N. Europe, Asia and America, Central America. 
Perennial; stems usually straggling. Leaves very variable, the longer sessile 
forms 14-2} by 1-3 in., the shorter petioled ones 3 1 by 14-4 in., upper sometimes 4 
in a whorl, margins flat. Cymes small. Fruit small, clothed with hooked bristles. 
—Habit and odour of Asperula odorata. 
Var. Hoffmeisteri: leaves petioled obovate-spathulate rounded at the tip. Asperula 
Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch. l. c. t. 75. 
4. G. Aparine, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 608; climbing, scabrid with 
reflexed hairs or prickles, leaves sessile 6-8 in a whorl linear or narrowly 
obovate-oblong usually narrower below the middle cuspidate, nerves obso- 
lete, peduncles axillary 3-flowered. Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1197; Boiss. Fl. 
Orient. iii. 68; Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. i. 582; Cat. 6213, 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA and WrsrERN TIBET, ascending to 12,000 ft., from Kashmir 
and the Salt Range to Sikkim.— DisrRis. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. and Central 
Asia. 
Annual, extensively rambling or climbing. Leaves very variable, 4-1} by E Am. 
always mucronate with scabrid midrib and margins.  Pedu»cles axillary and in ter- 
minal leafy panicles, longer or shorter than the leaves, rarely 1-flowered, peduncles 
stout. Fruit clothed with spreading hooked bristles, 
5. G. pauciflorum, Bunge Enum. Pl. Chin. 35; nearly smooth, very 
slender, leaves sessile opposite or 4-6 in a whorl oblanceolate cuspidate penni- 
