Morina. | LXXVII. DIPSACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 217 
close together; bracts to each whorl often 6, adnate by their bases into a short cam- 
panulate cup } to 4 in. long; their free portions 1-1} in. very narrow, shining. 
Calyz-lips } by } in., deeply lobed. Flowers not seen. 
5. M. nepalensis, Don Prodr. 161; low, all the leaves without spines 
except the uppermost and the floral leaves, fertile stamens 4 subequal, M. nana, 
Wall. Cat. 424; DC. Prodr. iv. 645. 
Nipat; Gossainthan, Wallich. 
Stem 3-6 in. pubescent upwards. Leaves 4 by l in., entire, sinuate, glabrous; 
leaves near the flower- whorls spinous, obscurely toothed. Flowers few in few approxi- 
mate whorls, forming one small terminal head. Calyx-lip } in., obovate, subentire or 
mucronate, with 1 or 2 teeth; the other lip obsolete or nearly so. Corolla-tube 3 in. 
Filaments hardly any. 
6. M. betonicoides, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1171; low, leaves all 
spinous scarcely toothed, fertile stamens 4 subequal. 
Sixxrw. Himaraya, alt. 10-13,000 ft.; Lachen and Yeumtong, J. D. H: Singa- 
lehlah and Tumbok, C. B. Clarke. 
Stem 6-18 in. Heads of flowers few, the lower sometimes remote. Corolla pale- 
purple.—This is perhaps the fully developed state of M. nepalensis, from which it 
only differs in having the lower leaves spinous as well as the uppermost. 
3. DIPSACUS, Linn. 
Stout erect herbs, prickly or bristly. Leaves opposite, toothed or pinnatifid. 
Heads terminal, long-peduncled; bracts subtending the heads, and bracteoles 
rigid, bristly or prickly.  Znvoluce] 4-8-ribbed, adnate often nearly its whole 
length to the ovary. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4-angled, 4-lobed. ^ Corolla-tube 
funnel-shaped ; limb 4-lobed, equal or sub-bilabiate, pale blue, white, yellowish, or 
black-purple. Stamens 4, perfect. Style filiform; stigma oblique or lateral, 
Achene adnate to the involucel in the Indian species, 8-ribbed, crowned with the 
(often deciduous) calyx-limb.— DrsrRrB. Species 12, European, Abyssinian, and 
Asiatic. 
l. D. inermis, Wail. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall. i, 907, as to 
var. B ; lower leaves pinnatifid with distant segments shortly hairy on both sur- 
faces, upper leaves 3-fid or a few uppermost simple, heads subglobose, bracteoles 
obovate-oblong with a linear bristly mucro, flowers white or yellowish. Coult. 
Dips. 93; DC. Prodr. iv. 646; Wall. Cat. 427, mainly. D. mitis, Don Prodr. 
161. D. Roylei, Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Waldem. Bot. 83, t. 84. Cephalaria 
cachemirica, Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 86, t. 94. 
TEMPERATE HrMALAYA, alt. 6-12,000 ft., from Kashmir to Bhotan. 
Stem 1-6 ft., bristly-hirsute, prickly or unarmed upwards, more hirsute under the 
flower-heads. Flower-heads solitary or several; bracts linear, acute or ovate obtuse, 
rigid or herbaceous, deflexed or adpressed, hairy or coarsely bristly. Jnvolucel closely 
adnate to the pericarp, tipped by 4 minute points on the neck of the achene. Calyx- 
limb subquadrangular, glistening, white, hairy, deciduous.—Perhaps only a form of 
D. pilosus, Linn., which differs by the long hairs on the leaves, and by the flowers 
white to faint blue; there is no difference in the degree of freedom of the involucel, as 
Coulter (with scanty material) supposed. 
Var. longicaulis, Wall. Cat. 6856 (sp.); leaves on the nerves beneath and angles 
of the stem minutely prickly, otherwise glabrous or nearly so. D. strictus, Var. Kurz 
in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, pt. ii. 162.—Ava, Wallich; Martaban, alt. 2500 ft., Brandis. 
2. D. strictus, Don Prodr. 160; many of the middle and upper cauline 
leaves undivided lanceolate sparingly hairy, heads subglobose, bracteoles obovate- 
oblong with a lanceolate bristly mucro, corolla cream-coloured. DC. Prodr. iv. 
