Scabiosa.] LXXVII. DIPSACEX. (C. B. Clarke.) 219 
ALPINE SrkxrM, alt. 10—14,000 ft. ; Tungu, J. D. H., Elwes. 
Rootstock woody. Leaves all subradical, 6 by 2 in., alternate at the base, sessile 
or p.tioled. Peduncles 4-14 Ja., radical, l-headed ; heads 1-12 in. diam., globose, 
many-flowered. Bracts j by Lin. ovate-oblong, bracteoles j in., linear-spathulate. 
Involucel A in., hairy, not searious. Calya-bristles 20-24, } in., filiform, hairy. 
Corolla $ in., tubular-funnel-shaped, hairy without. 
Sror. IL. AsrERocEPHALUs. Bracteoles small or 0.  Involucel-mouth 
funnel-shaped, scarious in fruit. Calya-limb of 5 long bristles. Corolla 5-fid. 
2. S. Olivieri, Coult. Dips. 36, t. 2, fig. 10; hairy, stem leafy, leaves 
narrowly oblong subentire or pinnatifid, heads small, bracts oblong-lanceolate, 
corollas all equal small much shorter than the calyx-bristles. DC. Prodr. iv. 
656; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 141. 
West Puxzas; Peshawur, Vicary; Rawul Pindee and Huzaree, Stewart, —Dis- 
TRIB. Affghanistan to Armenia and Arabia. 
Stem 3-16 in. annual, often much branched. Leaves 2 by } in., narrow-oblong 
and entire, or 4 by 2 in., deeply pinnatifid. Heads few-flowered ; bracts scarcely } in. 
Flowers purple, hairy without, little longer than the involucel. Involucel 4 in. diam. 
in fruit, 16-20-ribbed, scarious between the ciliate-pilose ribs. Calya-bristles 3 in., 
barbellate, brown. Achene silkily hairy. 
3. S. Candolliana, Wall. Cat. 480; subglabrous, leaves very distant 
linear subentire, heads small radiate, bracts ovate obtuse, corollas so-ne exceeding 
the calyx-bristles. S. Candollii, DC. Prodr. iv. 654. 
WzsrkRN HrwALAYA ; from Murree to Kumaon, alt. 83-5000 ft., Blinkworth, Ae. 
Stem 12-18 in. from a perennial rootstock, little branched. Leaves 14 by à in., 
lower subspathulate, puberulous. Heads few-flowered; bracts ġ-ẹ in. Flowers 
purple, hairy without; of the ray sometimes j in. long. L:volucel } in. diam. in 
fruit, 16-20-ribbed, scarious between the pubescent ribs. Calyx-bristles 3 in., barbel- 
late, brown. 
4. S. speciosa, Royle Ill. 245, t. 55, fig. 2; stem pubescent leafy, leaves 
oblong often pinnatifid at the base with small lobes, heads large radiate, bracts 
narrowly oblong, corollas much exceeding the calyx-bristles. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir (abundant) to Gurwhal, alt. 7—11,000 ft. 
Stems 1-2 ft., often branched, from a perennial rootstock. Leaves 2 by } in., hairy 
on both surfaces. Heads many-flowered ; bracts 1-2 in. Flowers bright-mauve, hairy 
without; those of the ray 3 in. long, those of the disk exceeding the ealyx-bristles. 
Involucel in fruit 4 in., subeampanulate, nearly glabrous without, scarious between the 
16-20 ribs.  Calyz-bristles E in., barbellate, nearly black. Achene 4 in. and upwards, 
silky below, the upper 4 8-ribbed, with long deep pits between the ribs. 
Order LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. ` Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, 
simple or compound: stipules 0, Inflorescence a centripetal head of many small 
flowers, sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle (receptacle), enclosed in an 
involucre of whorled bracts; floral bracts 0, or reduced to pales scales or bristles 
on the receptacle. Flowers ali tubular (head discoid), or the outer, or all, ligu- 
late (head rayed), all 2-sexual, or the inner 2-sexual or male, the outer female 
or neuter, sometimes dicecious. Calyx superior; limb 0, or of hairs (pappus) or 
scales. Corolla of 2 forms: Ist, tubular or campanulate, 4—5-lobed, lobes val- 
vate, with marginal nerves; 2ndly, ligulate, lobes elongate and connate into a 
strap-shaped or elliptic ligule. Desk epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted within 
the corolla-tube; filaments usually free; anthers basi-fixed, usually connate ; 
connective produced upwards; cells simple or tailed at the base; pollen sub- 
