LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 295 
Achenes ineurved. Herbs with alternate leaves . . . . . 82. CALENDULA; 
TRIBE IX. Cynaroidese. Flowers all tubular. Jnvol. bracts many- 
seriate, imbricate; tips scarious, spinous or foliaceous. Receptacle densely bristly 
or paleaceous, rarely simply pitted. Corolla-limb slender, deeply 5-fid. “Anther~ 
cells tailed. Styles subentire, or arms short hairy or thickened towards the 
base. Achenes often hard; pappus various, rarely 0.— Leaves alternate, often 
spinous. i 
Subtribe 1. EcmiworsrpEz. Heads l-flowered, crowded into inyolucrate 
globose balls. 
83. ECHINOPS. 
Subtribe 2. CARDUINER. Heads oc-flowered, separate. -Achenes glabrous, 
basal areole horizontal. Pappus hairs distinct or connate. 
* Filaments free, glabrous. Pappus hairs free, caducous. Leaves armed. 
. Invol. bracts with hooked bristles. Leaves unarmed . . . 84. ARCTIUM. 
Inyol. bracts spinescent. Leaves spinescent . . . . . . 85. COUSINIA. 
** Filaments papillose-hairy. Pappus hairs connate into a deciduous ring. 
Pappus hairs simple, not feathery. . . . . . . . . . 86. Carpuus. 
Pappus hairsfeathery. . . . . . . . 87. Cuicvs. 
*** Filaments glabrous, connate. 
Invol. bracts spinous. Receptacle bristly. Pappus simple . 88. SILYBUM. 
**** Filaments free, glabrous (hairy in Goniocaulon). Leaves unarmed. 
Pappus hairs 1-seriate, feathery, with a few outer simple. . 89. SAUSSUREA. 
Pappus hairs -seriate, subpaleaceous. Filaments hairy . . 90. GONIOCAULON. 
Pappus hairs o-seriate, rigid, rough or feathery. . . . . 91. JURINEA. 
Subtribe 3. CENTAUREJX. Heads separate, oc-flowered. Achenes glabrous ; 
basal areole oblique or lateral. 
* Involucre not bracteate at the base, or rarely so. 
Filaments glabrous. Anther-tails short or 0 . . . . . . 92. SERRATULA. 
Filaments papillose. Anther-tails lacerate. Achenes smooth 93. TRICHOLEPIS. 
Achenes terete, l0-15-ribbed . . . . , . 94. VoLATURELLA. 
Achenes compressed or 4-angled, 4—5-ribbed . . Kee . 95. CENTAUREA, 
** Involucre bracteate at the base by spinous leaves. 
Achenes compressed or angled, Pappus paleaceous or 0 . . 96. CarTHamus. 
TRIBE X. Mutisiaceze. Heads hetero- or homogamous, rayed or not. 
Invol. bracts oc-seriate, unarmed. Receptacle rarely paleaceous. Corolla 2-lipped, 
ligulate, or deeply 5-fid. Anther-cells usually tailed. Style-arms rounded or 
truncate, not appendaged. Pappus various.— Leaves rarely opposite. (See also 
Nanothamnus, Tridax and some Senecios.) 
Subtribe 1. GocgNATIEX. Corollas all tubular; segments narrow, equal or 
obscurely 2-lipped. 
Pappus hairs simple. A shrub with alternate entire leaves . 97. LEUCOMERIS. 
Pappus hairs feathery. Rigid shrubs . . . . . - . . 98. Dicoma. 
Pappus scales 10, ending in bristles. Rigid shrubs. Heads 
solitary . sel 4t RAE C. APR Y gr tty ats 8D." Hon LE: 
Pappus hairs feathery. Erect herbs, heads subracemose . 100. AINSLLXA. 
Subtribe 2. GERBEREX. Heads rayed. Corolla 2-lipped or ligulate. 
Heads few-flowered ; fl. all ligulate. An undershrub . . 101. Carawixis. 
Heads many-flowered ; ray-fl. 2-lipped. Seapigerous herbs 102. GERBERA. 
TRIBE XI. Cichoriacez. Heads homogamous. Corollas all ligulate ; 
ligule truncate, tip 5-toothed. Anther-bases sagittate, rarely tailed. — S^yle-arms 
slender.—Herbs, juice usually milky. Leaves radical or alternate, never oppo- 
site. (See also 101. Catamizis.) 
VOL, III. Q 
