Vernonia. ] LXXVII. composira. (J. D. Hooker.) 233 
serrate, heads 30-flowered large fascicled in terminal panicled corymbs, invol. 
bracts linear obtuse and apiculate or acuminate or pungent outermost subulate, 
achenes sparsely hairy, pappus dirty white or reddish. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 
1877, ii. 200. `V. aspera, DC. Prodr. v. 31, not of Ham.; Wail. Cat. 2922, excl. 
A.; Clarke Comp. Ind. 17. Eupatorium asperum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 61; Fl. 
Ind. ii. 415. E. pyramidale, Don Prodr. 170. Xipholepis aspera, Steetz in 
Peters Mosamb. Bot. 345? excl. syn. 
Westers HrwALAYA; Kumaon, Royle, Edgeworth, Cuora-Nacrorr, and CENTRAL 
Inpra, alt. 1-4000 ft. Bremar, J. D. H. Concan, Law (perhaps cult.); Birma, 
at Bhamo, on dry hills, Griffith. - 
More branched than V. feres; leaves often narrowed into a slender petiole, acumi- 
nate and deeply serrate; heads smaller, very numerous; invol. bracts fewer and 
broader, inner Z in., quite linear; achenes as large, less hairy and only between the 
ribs; outer pappus hairs often absent. 
15. V. peninsularis, Clarke mss.; roughly pubescent, stem flexuous 
ribbed, leaves petioled elliptic acute serrate, heads 20-80-flowered few corymbose, 
invol. bracts Rane with very long slender often recurved awns outer filiform 
squarrose, achenes glabrous, pappus pale reddish. V. bracteata, var. peninsu- 
laris, Clarke Comp. Ind. 18. Decaneuron silhetense, Wt. Je, t. 1083. 
TRAVANCORE, at Courtallam, Wight. 
Stem nearly simple, deeply furrowed. Leaves 2-4 by 14-2 in., rather membranous, 
scabrid above. Heads 3 in. diam.; outer invol. bracts }-4 in.; awns often as long as 
the lamira, woolly. Achenes and pappus as in V. bractcata. : 
16. V. anceps, Clarke mss. ; shrubby, branches slender terete and corymbs 
brown-pubescent, leaves petioled lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate acu- 
minate distantly serrulate puberulous on both surfaces or beneath only, heads 
30—40-flowered in open corymbs, inner invol. bracts short oblong-lanceolate acute 
outer subulate, achenes strongly 4—5-ribbed puberulous, pappus dirty white, outer 
a ring of short paleaceous scales. V. Wightiana, var. 8, Thwaites Enum. 160. 
CEYLON; Adam's Peak, Thwaites. 
Branches woody, as thick as a crow- or goose-quill. Leaves 2-3 by 4-2 in. 
Achenes à; in., twice as long as the invol. bracts.—This, Thwaites, considering the 
close similarity of their floral characters, does not venture to separate from F. 
Wightiana ` but the foliage, &c., is so entirely different in form, membranous consist- 
ence, toothing, and glabrousness, that I cannot but agree with Mr. Clarke in keeping 
it distinet; the eorollas are nearly glabrous. 
17. V. revoluta, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 218 ; dwarf, puberulous, 
leaves sessile linear apiculate margins revolute, heads 30-40-flowered subsolitary, 
invol. bracts few broadly oblong-lanceolate acuminate, achenes hairy terete, 
pappus n Clarke Comp. Ind. 22. V. oligocephala, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, 
Soc, xx. 63. 
Western Hmaraya; Kumaon and Garwhal, Royle, Falconer, &c. Buoran, 
Griffith. 
A perennial woody-rooted herb, branched from the base; stems 2-6 in., ascending 
or erect, slender, angled and grooved. Leaves erect, 1 by 3-4 in., with a strong mid- 
rib and strongly revolute entire margins. ads } in. diam.; peduncles striate; 
bracts subulate or 0; invol. bracts puberulous ; outermost very narrow, subulate, often 
recurved; inner 4 in. long, scarious; corolla-lobes hairy. Achenes (unripe) 4 iD., 
sparingly hairy; pappus 4 in. long, persistent, outer hairs 0. 
** Heads small, about 1 in. long, numerous or few, corymbose. 
t Annual; achenes terete, not angled or ribbed. 
18. V. cinerea, Less. in Linnea, iv. 291, and vi. 673; herbaceous, hoary- 
