234 LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Vernonia. 
pubescent, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate obtuse or acute obscurely or deepl 
obtusely or acutely toothed, heads about 20-flowered in loose corymbs, invol. 
bracts linear-lanceolate tips awned glabrous, pappus white or dirty white outer 
hairs short. DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prodr. v. 24; Wall. Cat. 8008. V. cony- 
zoides, DC. in Wight Contrib. 6; Prodr. v. 25; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 12), 
V. rhomboidea and montana, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 69, V. albicans, 
DC. in Wight Contrib. 6, in part; Wight Ic. t. 1076 (achenes wrongly figured as 
5-ribbed). V. abbreviata and leptophylla, DC. Le 25. V. laxiflora, Less. in 
Linnea, vi. 646; DC. l c. 25. V. physalifolia, DC. in Wight Contrib.-6 ; Prodr. 
l.c, 24, V. parviflora, linifolia, and fasciculata, Reinw. in Bl. Bijd. 893. V. 
Zollingeriana, Schultz-Bip. in Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 16. V.cyanonioides, Walp. 
in Linnea, xv. 509, Oonyza abbreviata, Wall. Cat. 3048; bellidifolia, 3047 ; 
cinerascens, 3062 ; incana, 3046; linifolia, 3063 ; elegantula, 3049 ; ovata, 3097 ; 
and subsimplex, 3003. C. cinerea, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 3008. ©. mollis, Willd. 
(fid. Lessing). C. prolifera and heterophylla, Lamk. Encycl. ii. 84. Serratula 
cinerea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 60. Cacalia rotundifolia, Willd. Phyt. ii. t. 6, f. 1. 
Chrysocoma purpurea, Forst. Prodr. 54. ©. violacea, Schum. Pl. Guin. 384. 
Cyanopis decurrens, Zoll. in Geneesk. Archiv. ii. 563; and Chlaotrachelus 
rupestris, Zoll. l.c. fid. Miquel.  Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7137.—Rheede Hort. 
Mal. x. t. 64. 
Throughout Innra, ascending to 8000 ft. in the Himalaya, Khasia and Peninsular 
Mts.—DisrRrB. Trop, Asia, Africa, and Australia. 
One of the commonest Indian weeds, erect, rarely decumbent, 6-18 in. high; stem 
slender, grooved and ribbed. Leaves rarely 3 in. long or 14 in. broad, membranous or 
rather coriaceous ; petiole very variable. Heads about } in. diam., in rounded or open 
and flat-topped corymbs ; branches usually divaricate; peduncles slender, with small 
bracts at the axils ; invol, scales about 4-} in. ; corolla with pubescent lobes. Achenes 
gg in.; pappus d in., outer hairs very short indeed.—It is impossible to define the 
forms of habit and foliage of this very variable plant, which is on the whole remark- 
ably uniform in its flowers; of these the most marked are V. physalifolia, which is 
stout, very tomentose, with broad leaves; and V. conyzoides, with short or no outer 
pappus, and ovate-lanceolate or ovate sharply toothed leaves narrowed into long 
petioles. To these may be added var. montana, Clarke (Comp. Ind. 21), from 4-6000 
ft. on the Khasia Mts., and from the N. W. Himalaya, with villous fulvous leaves and 
stems and yellowish pappus, and which is Edgeworth's V. rhomboidea; and the var. 
ludens, Clarke l. c., with dimorphic achenes, of which the inner are normal, the outer 
almost beaked and seedless; it is a native of Assam, the Malay Peninsula, and China. 
To the many synonyms cited, Bentham (Fl. Austral. iii. 459) adds V. erigeroides, DC. 
Prodr. v. 25, and suggests that nearly all the species of DC.’s section Tephrodes may 
follow. 
tt Perennial, rarely annual ; achenes ribbed. 
19. V. divergens, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 229; stout, erect, pubescent 
tomentose or scabrid, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate serrate, heads 
small 8-12-flowered in usually dense much branched panicled rounded corymbs, 
invol. bracts few oblong obtuse outermost ovate, achenes glabrous 10-ribbed, 
pappus pale reddish-brown or dirty white, Clarke Comp. Ind. 14. V. aspera, 
Hamilt. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xiv. 219, in part; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, 
ii. 201. V. nilgheryensis, DC. Prodr. v. 32; Wt. Ic. t. 1078. V. multiflora, 
DC. l. e. 31. V. Metziana, Schultz-Bip. in Herb. Hohenack. n. 1342, V. aspera, 
«Less, in Linnea, 1831, 643? ` Decaneuron divergens, DC. l e. 68; Wight Con- 
trib. 8; Ic. t. 1084, Conyza divergens, multitlora, and lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 
3027, A., 3032 a., 3059. — Eupatorium versicolor and polyanthemum, Wall. Cat. 
3167, 3171. E. divergens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 61; Fl. Ind. ii. 415. Gymnan- 
themum Metzianum, Schultz-Bip, l. c. n. 542. — Lysistemma divergens and 
multiflorum, Steetz in Peters Mosamb. Bot, 341, 
