Carpesiwm.] ` Leet, composir#. (J. D. Hooker.) 301 
One of the commonest and most variable Himalayan plants, and often a pest to the 
traveller from the glandular achenes adhering to the clothes; it grows 1-3 ft. high. 
The following often very distinet-looking varieties graduate into one another in the 
most perplexing way, and render it very doubtful if C. ¢rachelioides should be kept 
distinct. 
Var. 1. cernuum proper ` stem and branches pubescent often more or less cottony, 
leaves subsessile elliptic, heads 4-3 in. rarely 1 in. diam. with large leafy bracts at 
the base. C. cernuum, DC. Prodr. vi. 281; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 214; Lamk. Ill. t. 
696, f. 1. C. nepalense, Less. in Linnea, vi. 234; DO. l.c. C. pubescens, Wall. Cat. 
3199; DC.l.c.—Himalaya and Khasia Mts. 
Var. 2. glandulosa, Herb Ind. Or. H. f. & T.; Clarke Comp. Ind. 130; usually 
hirsute or villous, lower and often cauline leaves also long petioled and ovate or cordate, 
heads as in var. 1.—Himalaya and Khasia Mts., ascending to 13,000 ft. in Sikkim.— 
There is every gradation between specimens with long petioled cordate-ovate leaves 
and those of var. 1. 
Van. 3. nilagiricum, Clarke Comp. Ind. 131; hirsute or villous, leaves subsessile 
elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, heads 4-1 in. diam., involucre villous. C. nepalense, 
Wight Ic. t. 1120. Oiospermum? Wightianum, DC. Prodr. vi. 11; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. 
t. 1.—Nilgherry Mts., alt. 7-8000 ft. 
Var. 4. lanata, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.; robust, stem branches and leaves 
densely woolly or cottony with white hairs, heads 1 in. diam., involucre villous. 
Clarke Comp. Ind. 1304, excl. syn.—Sikkim, alt. 4-5000 ft.; Khasia Mts. 
Var. 5. pedunculosa, Clarke Le: glabrous or sparsely hairy, leaves large ovate 
with winged petioles, heads 1— in. diam. on very long stiff naked peduncles, invol. 
bracts glabrate. C. pedunculosum, Wall. Cat. 3200; DC. Prodr. vi. 281.—Kumaon, 
Blinkworth ; Simla, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thomson. 
Var. 6. ciliatum; stem and branches very slender pubescent, leaves very small 3-1 
in. shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate sparsely hairy above pubescent beneath, 
heads 4 in. diam, C. ciliatum, Wall. Cat. 3214.—Travancore, Herb. Roitl. 
Van. 7. Griffithii; stem and branches tomentose, leaves petioled linear 2 by å in. 
quite entire hirsute on both surfaces, heads + in. with narrow subtending leaves, invol. 
bracts few inner glabrous.—Mishmi hills, Griffith (a fragment only). 
2. C. trachelifolium, Less. in Linnea, vi. 233; slender, pubescent 
hirsute or glabrate, lower leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate sinuate-toothed or 
lobulate, upper floral subsessile ovate or elliptic-lanceolate serrate or entire, 
heads very small 4—4 in. rarely more sometimes subracemose, invol. bracts very 
few glabrous. DC. Prodr. vi. 282. C. cernuum, var. trachelifolium, Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 131. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft. 
This has the leaves of C. cernuum, var. glandulosum, but has very small heads, and 
is in its common state different in habit, sometimes approaching C. abrotanoides, It 
holds its characters so much more constantly than do any of the varieties of cernuum, 
and covers so great an area, that I keep it distinct. 
3. C. abrotanoides, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 215; branches long 
slender, leaves subsessile lanceolate acuminate quite entire or serrate, heads } in. 
diam. subsessile racemosely secund along the leafy branches horizontal or nod- 
ding, invol. bracts broadly oblong obtuse. DC. Prodr. vi. 282; Lamk. IU. t. 
696; Clarke Comp. Ind. 131. ©. racemosum, Wall. Cat. 3201, in part; DC. l.c. 
Amphiraphis Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 2958. Compos., Wall. Cat. 7522. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 5—10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 
ft.—DisrRrzB. N. Persia, to Austria. Japan, and China. 
A stout herb, 2—4 ft. high, pubescent or glabrate; branches leafy to the tips. Leaves 
3-5 in., never truly petioled. Heads inserted along the whole length of the branches, 
in or above the leafy axils, or in short axillary racemes, yellow.—Used to dye silk in 
Kashmir (Stewart). 
