Chrysogonum.]  vxxvnur composira. (J. D. Hooker.) 303 
margins acute or winged ; pappus very short, obscure or 0.—DrsrRIB. Species 6 
1 American, 2 Indian, and 3 Austtalian. 
1. C. heterophyllum, Benth. in Gen. PI. ii. 350; leaves simple ovate 
serrate or 3-lobed or pinnatifid or pinnate, segments ovate-lanceolate acutely 
serrate or gashed, heads 1—j in. diam., ligules few small, achenes obtuse or 2-3- 
horned at the tip. Clarke Comp. Ind. 182. Moonia heterophylla, Arnott Pugill. 
31; DC. Prodr, vii. 289. 
Nivenerry and Putney Mrs., Wight. Cxryton; central province, alt. 6-7000 ft., 
Moon, &c. 
Annual, glabrous or sparsely hairy, 1-3 ft. high, branched. Leaves usually glabrous 
beneath, when simple {-3} in. narrowed into the slender petiole, when compound 
usually smaller. 
H 
2. C. Arnottianum, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 350; leaves 3-pinnatisect or 
pinnatifid, segments or lobes lanceolate serrate, heads 1-13 in. diam., ligules 
many large. Clarke Comp. Ind. 132. Moonia Arnottiana, Wight Ic. t. 1105. 
Nitauerry Mrs., Wight. 
Thwaites, regarding this as a form of heterophyllum, refers the compound leaved 
Ceylon specimens of that plant to it; but I find no specimen of heterophyllum with 
such large heads, or with so many rays as Arnottianum has. Still the two are very 
closely allied; Clarke thinks them varieties, and I dare say they will prove so. 
51. XANTHIUM, Linn. 
Annual, coarse rough herbs, unarmed or with 3-fid spines. Leaves alternate, 
toothed or lobed. Heads moncecious (9 and % ), axillary; D in the upper axils, 
globose, many-fld., sterile, tubular, 5-toothed; 9 2-fid., fertile, apetalous. 
Involucre of Y head short ; bracts few, 1-2-seriate, narrow ; receptacle cylindric, 
with hyaline pales enclosing the flowers; invol. of 9 heads with the bracts 
united into an ovoid 2-beaked herbaceous utricle with 2 1-fld. cells, clothed with 
hooked bristles and with sometimes a few small free outer bracts. Filaments 
monadelphous ; anthers free, bases obtuse, tips mucronate inflexed. Style of le} 
slender, undivided ; of 9 arms free, exserted from the involucre. Achenes en- 
closed in the hardened involucral cells, obovoid, thick; pappus 0.—DISTRIB. 
Species about 4, probably all of American origin. 
X. strumarium, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 251; unarmed, leaves 
tioled scabrid triangular-cordate or orbicular lobed and toothed, base cuneate, 
eads in terminal and axillary racemes, fruiting involucres ovoid or oblong, beaks 
erect or diverging. Clarke Comp. Ind. 132. X. indicum, DC. in Wight Con- 
trib. 17; Wall. Cat. 3181; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 197 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 601. 
X. Roxburghii, discolor, end brevirostre, Wallroth; Walp. Rep. vi. ll. X. 
orientale, Blume Bid. 915. 
Throughout the hotter parts of Innra and Cryton, usually near houses ; ascending 
the Western Himalaya to 5000 ft. 
52. SIEGESBECKIA, Linn. 
Glandular-pubescent herbs. eaves opposite, toothed. Heads in leafy 
panicles, heterogamous, subradiate, yellow or white; ray fl. 9 , 1-seriate, fertile, 
tube short, limb 2-3-fid; disk fl. D, fertile, or the inner sterile, tubular, limb 
campanulate and 5-fid, or narrow and 3-4-toothed.  Involucre campanulate or 
hemispheric; bracts few, herbaceous, glandular, outer spathulate spreading, 
inner enclosing the ray fl.; receptacle small; pales membranous, concave, often 
enclosing the flowers. -Anther-bases entire. Style-arms of D short, flattened, 
