316 Lem, cowrosirE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Matricaria. 
2. M. preecox, DC. Prodr. vi. 52; annual, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 
pinnatiseet, segments short subulate, heads radiate peduncled, invol. bracts with 
reddish scarious margins, receptacle conic, ligules white, achenes ribbed on both 
faces crowned with a lobed cup. Clarke Comp. Ind. 149. Pyrethrum precox, 
Bieb. Flor. Taur. Cauc. ii. 824, Chamemalium precox, Visiani ; Boiss. Fi. 
Orient, iii. 826, Gastrosulum preecox, Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 80. Anthemis pyg- 
mea, Bertolont Misc. ii. 237. 
Nortu-West Innra; Peshawar, Vicary, Stewart.—Disrrip. Persia, Asia Minor, 
and the Caucasus. 
So similar when dried to Anthemis odontostephana as to have caused them to be 
mixed in the herbarium, 
68. COTULA, Linn. 
Perennial or annual, often creeeping, small herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid 
or pinnatisect, rarely entire or toothed. Heads small, peduncled, yellow, hetero- 
gamous (rarely homogamous), disciform ; outer fl. 9 , 1-2-seriate, fertile, corolla 
conie or 0; disk-fl. 5, fertile, tube slender or stout and 2-winged, limb 4-fid. 
Involucre hemispheric or campanulate; bracts sub-2-seriate, herbaceous or mem- 
branous, margins often scarious; receptacle naked. Anther-bases obtuse, entire. 
Style-arms of D truncate or obtuse, styles of sterile fl. sometimes entire. Achenes 
of the ray or all stipitate, compressed, nerveless or 2-4-nerved, sometimes sheathed 
at the top by the base of the corolla, at others with a short ear-shaped pappus. 
—Disrris. About 40 species, tropical and temperate. 
Nearly allied to Cotula is Cenia, Juss., a S. African genus, of which one specimen 
of one species, C. turbinata, Pers., was found at Hoshiapore, in the Punjab, by Dr. 
Aitehison, no doubt an escape: it is a weak villous small annual, with pinnate leaves, 
and branches ending in a long slender peduncle with a curious top-shaped summit, 
l. C. anthemoides, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 950; annual, hairy or 
glabrate, erect or diffuse, leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatisect, segments decur- 
rent lobed, lobes triangular-lanceolate, peduncles filiform naked, achenes of the 
ray broad flat. DC. Prodr. vi. 78; Clarke Comp. Ind. 149 (excluding various 
habitats). C. dichrocephala, ScAultz- Bip. in A, Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. 419. Pleio- 
gyne cardiosperma, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 71. Artemisia nilotica, 
Linn. 
GaxaETIC Pra, from Rajmahal and Sikkim westwards to the Punjab.—Distris. 
N. & 8. Africa, China. 
A weak diffuse weed; branches 3-9 in., spreading. Leaves 1-2 in., petiole ]-am- 
plexicaul. Heads 4-} in. diam., solitary, terminal; fl. d many; invol. bracts with 
scarious margins; receptacle nearly flat, tubercled. Achenes ovate, with thick narrow 
wings. 
2. C. hemispherica, Wall. Cat. 5236 ; annual, erect, glabrous or villous 
above, leaves pinnatisect, segments very numerous linear mucronate, heads 
solitary peduncled, 9 fl. minute, corolla 2-toothed or 0, achenes of the ra 
minute not winged. Clarke Comp. Ind. 150, excl. remarks. Maruta hemi- 
spheerica, DC. Prodr. vi. 140; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 50, Artemisia hemispheerica, 
Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii, 422. 
Common in dry rice fields in BENGAL, Assam, the lower and upper GANGETIC 
Pzarws, and the Draam: ascending to 2500 ft. in Garwhal,—Disrrip. China. 
Stem 6-8 in., branched above. Leaves with gashed segments, uppermost simple. 
Heads } in. diam., ereet in flower, inclined or drooping in fruit. Achenes angled.— 
The mucronate leaf-segments distinguish this at onee from C. anthemoides. 
3. C. aurea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. vi. 78; annual, prostrate, nearly glabrous, 
leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, segments setaceous entire or divided, heads peduncled 
