332 LXXVIII. COMPOSITA. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cremanthodium. 
reniform toothed coriaceous pinnately nerved, heads 14 in. diam., ligules broad 
3-toothed or 5-fid, yellow, achenes slender, pappus white. Ligularia arnicoides, 
Wall. Cat. 3188, in part; DC. Prodr. vi. 314, in part. 
P Nat, Wallich. Srkx1w HrwALAYA, near the Tibetan frontier, alt. 12-16,000 ft., 
H D. H. 
Usually a robust species. Leaves 2-24 in. diam., pale beneath, with coarsely reti- 
culated nerves; petiole stout, 1-2 in. long, not inflated at the base. Scape with often 
many oblong bracteal leaves. Jnvol. bracts glabrous or pubescent, oblong or linear- 
oblong; ligules 4—2 in. long, Style-arms very short, with dilated acute tips. Achenes 
s in. long.—The alternate nerves of the leaf distinguish this from all others but C. 
pinnatifidum. 
7. ©. pinnatifidum, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1142 ; 4-6 in. high, leaves 
chiefly radical oblong pinnatifid, lobes oblong acute l-toothed on the lower mar- 
gin or entire, petiole de scape naked or with 1 sheath, head 14-2 in. diam., 
ligules broad 2-4-toothed yellow, achenes small, pappus white. Clarke Comp. 
Ind.167. Ligularia pinnatifida, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. § T. 
Srxxm Hraraya; Kankola valley, Lachoong, and Yeumtong, alt. 13-15,000 ft., 
J. D. H., Elwes. 
A very elegant species, remarkable for the pinnatifid leaves, almost naked scape, 
and large deflexed head with the ligules suberect as in C. palmatum. The invol. 
bracts vary greatly in number, length, and breadth. Style-arms rather short, semi- 
cylindric, subacute. 
^ 
75, DORONICUM, Linn. 
Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, radical long-petioled; cauline distant, 
often amplexicaul. Heads large, long-peduncléd, heterogamous, radiate, yellow ; 
ray-fl. 9, l-seriate, fertile, ligule elongate entire or 2-3-toothed; disk-fl. 9, 
fertile, tubular, limb 5-fid. nvolucre broadly campanulate or hemispheric ; 
bracts 2-seriate, subequal, herbaceous, acuminate ; receptacle hemispheric, naked. 
Anther-bases entire or subauricled. Style-arms of Y linear, tip rounded or trun- 
cate and penicillate. Achenes of Y oblong-turbinate, 10-co -ribbed ; pappus 
hairs copious, short or long, rigid; of 9 (rarely of all) often 0.—Disrrrs. Species 
about 10, temperate Europe and Asia. 
l. D. Roylei, DC. Prodr. vi. 821; corymbosely branched above, sparsely 
hairy or villous, leaves broadly ovate sinuate-toothed, radical long-petioled, upper 
cauline amplexicaul, heads many glandular-pubescent base turbinate, achenes of 
the ray epappose, of the disk pappose. Clarke Comp. Ind. 169. Fullaronia 
kumaonensis, DC. l. c. v. 281. 
Western HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, Royle, Falconer, to Garwhal, alt. 10,000 ft., 
Sirach. 4 Winterb. 
Herbaceous, erect, 2-4 ft. high. eaves 4-5 in. long, base acute rounded or cor- 
date; petiole 4-6 in. Heads few or numerous, 1-2 in. diam., on slender peduncles 
that swell at the tip, forming a turbinate base to the head; invol. bracts d in, long, 
finely acuminate ; ligules nearly as long. Achenes deeply grooved, all glabrous, or the 
outer sparsely hairy ; pappus short, reddish.—Very closely allied to D. Pardalianches, 
L., of Europe. 
Van. epapposa; heads smaller, pappus 0.—Kashmir, Falconer. Possibly a dis- 
tinet species, but the specimens are very imperfect, the achenes are rather more 
cylindrie, and the ribs more regular. 
2. D. Hookeri, Clarke mss. ; stem subsimple sparsely softly villous, leaves 
all narrowed into short J-amplexicaul petioles i or elliptic-lanceolate obtuse 
or acute entire or irregularly toothed, heads 1-2 glandular-pubescent base. trun- 
cate, achenes all pappose. D. scorpioides, Clarke Comp. Ind. 169, in part. 
