Gynura. | LXXVIII. composirz. (J. D. Hooker.) 335 
7 in. long. G. nudicaulis is a very small state of the plant. For remarks on the 
Pseudo-china of authors, see end of the genus under G. hieracioides. , 
Van. hispida, Thwaites Enum. 166; hispidly pubescent, stem simple or sparingly 
branched leafy below, leaves obovate-lanceolate sinuate-toothed lower narrowed into a 
petiole, invol. bracts sparsely villous or glabrate, achenes glabrous. G. hispida, 
Thwaites Enum. 166; Clarke Comp. Ind. 172.— Ceylon; central province, on damp 
rocks, alt. 5-7000 ft., Thwaites. Stem 1-3 ft. Leaves 2-6 by 2-1j in.; heads 3-6, 
long-peduneled; bracteoles many; flowers orange-yellow.— The only specimen I have 
seen is very poor, and adds nothing to the character given by Thwaites, who observes 
that it is very closely allied to G. aurantiaca, and that it is perhaps a form of G. 
-sinuata (that is, of Pseudo-china). 
6. G. bicolor, DC. Prodr. vi. 299; glabrous, erect, stem branched, leaves 
obovate or oblanceolate narrowed into a winged petiole toothed or runcinately 
pinnatifid, lobes or teeth acute, cauline sessile deeply auricled, heads many, base 
very narrow, peduncles with scattered filiform E invol. bracts quite 
glabrous, achenes (immature) glabrous. Cacalia bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 412; 
Salisb. Hort. Parad. t. 25; Bot. Reg. t. 110, A 
Maracca, Griffith.—Disrnrs. Moluccas. 
Apparently shrubby at the base, 1-2 ft. high, rather slender, with a few scattered 
hairs at the base of the leaves and stem. Leaves 2-4 in. long, bases not auricled, 
teeth or lobes always recurved, entire or sparingly toothed. Heads $ in. long; base 
of involucre very narrow.—I have seen no authentic specimen of G. bicolor. 
** Stem climbing. 
7. G. sarmentosa, DC. Prodr. vi. 298; glabrous except the puberulous 
duncles, climbing, leaves petioled or the uppermost sessile ovate elliptic or 
anceolate acute or acuminate subentire or sinuate-toothed, heads narrow, invol. 
bracts glabrous, achenes glabrous. G. Finlaysoniana, D C. l c. 299; Deless. Ic. 
Sel. iv. t. 55. Cacalia cylindriflora, reclinata and Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 
, 9150, 3151, 3162. Sonchus volubilis, Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t. 103, f. 2. 
Maracca and Penane, Wallich, &c.—DisrRIB. Siam, Java, Philippine Islands. 
Stem and branches loosely twining, petioles and pedicels slender. Leaves 13-2 
in.; nerves obscure. Heads panicled; bracteoles few, small; invol. bracts 3 in, an 
under. <Achenes d in., ribs very close and slender. 
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES, 
G. AURICULATA, Cass. Opusc. Phyt. iii. 100; DC. Prodr. vi. 300. (Cacalia hieracioides) 
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 61; Wall. Cat. 3154. Gynura Pseudo-china, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 299, 
not of DC., nor of Benth. Fl. Austral. G. auriculata and glabrata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 
172).— This is a Chinese plant, cultivated in Calcutta and tho Mauritius Bot. Gardens, 
distinguishable (at once in the glabrous forms and after maceration in the pubescent 
ones) from all Indian species by the fine elongated reticulation of the nerves of the 
leaf. Whether it is Willdenow's Cacalia hieracioides is doubtful. Of Clarke's G. 
auriculata, B puberula, and y villosa I know nothing. 
G. PURPURASCENS, DC, Prodr. vi. 299; Deless. Jc. Sel. iv. t. 56 (Cacalia purpuras- 
cens, Wall. Cat. 3157); this is founded on a plant cultivated in the Calcutta Gardens, 
and said to have been introduced from Nipal; it is not, however, in Wallich's Herba- 
rium, and is, judging from the description, probably G. bicolor. 
77, EMILIA. Cass, 
Annual or perennial herbs, often glaucous, glabrous or hairy. Leaves, radical 
crowded, petioled, entire toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid ; cauline few, stem-clasping. 
Heads long-peduncled, solitary or loosely corymbose, without bracteoles at the 
base, homogamous, discoid, yellow or red; fl. all Y, fertile, tubular, limb elon- 
gate D-toothed. Jnvolucre cylindric; bracts l-seriate, equal, free or cohering 
