336 LXXVIII. composirz. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Emilia. 
striate; receptacle flat, naked. Style-arms subterete, tip short obtuse or long 
and acute. Achenes subterete or angled and 5-ribbed; pappus hairs copious, 
white, soft, slender.—DrsrRIB. Species 4 or 5, Indian and tropical African. —— 
1. E. sonchifolia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 24; Prodr. vi. 902 ; glabrous, 
scabrid or puberulous, erect or diffuse, invol. bracts about equalling the purple 
flowers, achenes 5-ribbed scabrid, style-arms 3-cylindrie tip conic. 
Common throughout Innra from the Punjab to Tenasserim and Cryton, ascending 
to 4000 ft. in the hills (no specimen seen from the Malay Peninsula).— DrsrRrs. Asia, 
Africa (America, introduced ?). 
A very variable weed, 4-10 in. high. 
Var. 1. sonchifolia proper; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate-toothed 
puberulous or glabrous, flowering branches leafy, E. sonchifolia, DC. in Wight Con- 
trib. 24; Prodr. vi. 302. E. sonchifolia, vars. a and B, Clarke Comp. Ind. 174. 
Cacalia sonchifolia, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 413; Don Prodr. 180; Wall. Cat. 3144. 
C. glabra, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3145. Gynura ecalyculata, DC. l. c. 298. Prenanthes 
sarmentosa, Wall. Cat. 3262, E.; Rheede Hort. Mal, x. t. 68.—Common in most parts 
of India, ascending to 4000 ft. in the hills. 
Var 2. scabra; leaves all radical scaberulous, flowering stems naked. E. scabra, 
DC. Prodr. vi. 303; Wight Ic. t. 1123.—The Deccan and Khasia Mts. 
Van. 3. mucronata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175 ; lower leaves elliptic acute at both ends 
upper sessile, base auricled. E. mucronata, Wall, Cat. 316. 
2. E. flammea, Cass. in Dict. Sc. Nat. xiv. 406, t. 5; Opusc. Phyt. 1, t. 
5; erect, glabrous or scabrid, lower leaves petioled obovate or subspathulate 
entire or toothed, upper large oblong or ovate-oblong deeply sagittately auricled, 
invol. bracts much shorter than the scarlet flowers, achenes 5-ribbed scabrid, 
style-arms j-cylindrie tip conie. E. sagittata, DC. Prodr. vi. 302; Dalz. A 
Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 46. E. sonchifolia, var. sagittata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175 
(excl. habitat). Cacalia sagittata, Vahl Symb. ii. 91. Cacalia mucronata, 
Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3161. C. coccinea, Bot. Mag. t. 564. 
The Concan, Stocks (indigenous ?).—Drsrnrm. Philippine Islands (DC.). 
This approaches the larger form of E. sonchifolia, but the lower leaves seem to be 
always entire, and the scarlet heads are broader. The Concan specimens are very 
glaucous. I suspect that this very commonly cultivated plant is not a native of 
India. 
3. E. prenanthoidea, DC. Prodr. vi. 303; erect, glabrous, rarely 
scabrid, slender, lowest leaves small ovate petioled or 0, all or upper sessile 
linear-oblong obtuse or acute nearly entire de sagittately or broadly auricled 
at the base, invol. bracts shorter than the scarlet flowers, style-arms dilated at 
the tip, achenes glabrous. Clarke Comp. Ind. 176. E, angustifolia, DC. Le, 
Cacalia angustifolia and teres, Wall. Cat, 3163, 3164. 
Srxxm Himaraya, alt, 2000 ft., J. D. H. Kasra Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft. ; common. 
—Distris. Upper Birma. 
A very slender species, 1-3 ft. high, with much the habit of E. flammea, but with 
few or 0 radical leaves, and with glabrous achenes. I have seen but two specimens of 
the seabrid form; they were found by Dr. Thomson and myself near the Ongot river 
in Khasia. , 
4. E. zeylanica, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175; erect, glabrous or leaves 
pubescent, slender, lowest leaves small petioled or 0, cauline sessile narrowly 
linear-oblong obtuse or acute entire base deeply sagittately or broadly auricled, 
invol. bracts shorter than the flowers, style-arms slender tips conic, achenes 
scabrid. E. prenanthoidea, Thwaites Enum. 167, in part. 
Cryton; Central Province, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thwaites. 
This very closely resembles Æ. prenanthoidea in all but the achenes and style-arms, 
