350 LXXVIII. COMPOSITA. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Senecio. 
heads many-fld. subsecund in a solitary terminal simple raceme pendulous, base 
narrow, invol. bracts oblong acute free to the base, ligules several very long, 
achenes narrow longer than the reddish pappus. S. sibiricus, Ledeb. FÌ. Ross. 
vi. 238 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 200, not of Linn. S. racemosus, Wall. Cat. 3140. 
Ligularia sibirica, Cass. in DC. Prodr. vi. 815. L, racemosa, DC. Le, 314. 
TEMPERATE and SoBALPINE Hrwaraya ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 912,000 ft. 
—Disrrie. Siberia, Dahuria, Japan. 
Very variable: stem sometimes as thick as the thumb, usually less. Leaves 1 ft. 
diam, and under, lateral lobes produced outwards and subtriangular or rounded off, 
basal sinus shallow or deep. Heads numerous, bracteolate or not; bracts at the 
bases of the peduncles small or large and leafy; invol. bracts 8-10, outer narrow 
acute, inner broad with broad overlapped membranous margins; ligules 3.3 in., tube 
of disk-fl. equalling the eampanulate limb. Achenes 4 in. long.—Deseribed by 
Ledebour as very variable, the heads being sometimes small with very few flowers in 
Siberian specimens. I have adopted the subgenerie name for this species, it being 
the most widely distributed of the old genus Ligularia. 
Var. Atkinsoni; heads smaller, bracts at the base of the peduncles filiform, 
ligules very short, pappus dirty-white. S. Atkinsoni, Clarke Comp. Ind. 207. 
—Sikkim, at Yakla, alt. 12,000 ft., Clarke. The specimen of this is a very poor one. 
40. S. Jacquemontianus, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii, 449; glabrous, 
robust, leaves broadly ovate-cordate or subhastate obtuse toothed sinus open, 
etiole of lower stout winged, of cauline sheathing, heads numerous peduncled: 
n a conical raceme broadly campanulate, invol. bracts 8-12 oblong acute bases 
subconnate, ligules many long and broad, achenes linear-oblong, pappus very 
short coroniform. Clarke Comp. Ind. 208. Senecillis Jacquemontiana, Dene. 
in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 90, t. 98. 
Western Himaraya; Kashmir, alt. 10-13,000 ft., Falconer, Jacquemont. 
Stem stout, 3-5 ft. Leaves 1 ft. broad and under, tip acute or rounded ; petiole 
5-15 in., wing narrow or broad and gashed or toothed. Racemes 4-8 in., elongating 
in fruit ; heads not secund ; peduncles curved, 1-24 in., lower with oblong leafy bracts 
at the base; braeteoles under the heads few, filiform; heads 13-2 in. across the 
ligules; invol. bracts j in. glabrous; ligules 12-15, 3-1 in. long, 5-9-nerved, tip 
entire or toothed; tube of disk-corollas shorter than the limb. Achenes 4 in. long, 
deeply grooved ` pappus-hairs 4. in., unequal, united at the base. 
4l. S. retusus, Wal. Cat. 3142; stem short glabrous puberulous above, 
leaves reniform or nearly orbicular toothed, petiole of lower stout not winged, 
middle cauline with à broad sheath uppermost cauline small oblong-lanceolate 
sessile, heads solitary or 2-8 in a simple terminal raceme many-fld. nodding 
base broad usually ebracteolate, invol. bracts 10-12 oblong acute or obtuse, 
ligules many short broad 3-toothed, achenes linear smooth shorter than the 
whitish pappus. Clarke Comp. Ind. 206. Ligularia retusa,D C. Prodr. vi. 314. 
CENTRAL and Eastern HIMALAYA ` Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 12-15,000 ft., 
dV: H., See 
Stem 12-18 in., stout or slender. Leaves 8 in. diam. and under, tip rounded or 
retuse, sinus deep or shallow, middle cauline sometimes ovate-cordate. Heads broad 
and short, 13 in. diam.; tube of corolla of disk-fl. very short. Achenes 1 in. ; pappus 
rather scanty, fugaceous. 
42. S. caltheefolius, Hook. f.; slender, glabrous, leaves reniform or 
broadly ovate-cordate toothed, sinus deep, petiole of lower very slender not 
winged of middle cauline with a narrow sheath, uppermost cauline small sessile 
oblong-lanceolate, heads solitary or 2-5 in simple terminal racemes many-fld. 
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base broad, invol. bracts 8-10 oblong obtuse bases connate, ligules many slender, | 
achenes unripe smooth shorter than the reddish pappus. 
