Werneria. } LXXVIII. compositz. (J. D. Hooker.) 357 
the subturbinate base of the involucre; bracis variable in width; ligules yellow.— 
"This is not a native of Seind, as stated in the Genera Plantarum, Stock’s specimens 
being collected in Beluchistan. 
81. WERNERIA, 7. B.& K. 
Characters of Senecio, but heads (of the Indian species) without outer basal 
bracts, and the invol. bracts connate below into a cup.—Disrr1B. Species about 
17 Andean, and 1 Abyssinian. 
1. W. nana, Benth. in Gen. Pl. 451; leaves small elliptic-ovate or orbicular 
obtuse quite entire, ligules not much exceeding the densely woolly involucre. 
Ligularia nana, Dene tn Jacq. Voy. Bot. 91, t. 99; Clarke Comp. Ind. 210. 
Western Tut ` Kiobrung Ghat, Jacquemont ; Rajhote (N. of Kumaon), alt. 16,000 
ft., Strach. § Wint. 
Stem simple, stout, 4-6 in. high from a creeping rootstock, base with a membra- 
nous sheath. Radical leaves 1-1 in., broadly oblong or suborbicular, on long stout 
petioles, thick, quite entire, nerves very obscure; cauline 2-3, i-amplexicaul, concave 
and sheathing below. Head solitary, erect, 1-1} in. diam., subhemispherie ; peduncle 
stout; involucre very densely woolly; bracts about 16, united halfway up, obtuse, 
glabrous and veined within ; ligules yellow, 3-nerved ; style-arms linear, 4-cylindric, 
obtuse. Achenes glabrous; pappus rather scanty, } in. long, white. 
2. W. Ellisii, Hook. f.; leaves large elliptic obtuse toothed, ligules twice 
as long as the woolly and hairy involucre. 
Western Himataya; Chumba, R. Ellis. 
Root tuberous with very thick fibres. Leaves very coriaceous, 3-5 by 2-23 in., 
quite glabrous ; nerves numerous, spreading ; base narrowed into the very stout flexu- 
ous petiole 2-3 in. long. Scape with 2-3 shorter-petioled smaller leaves, tomentose, 
and, like the broad involuere, densely villous with black cellular curly hairs ; head 24 
in. diam. ; invol. bracts about 16, connate to above the middle, ovate-lanceolate, acute ; 
ligules 1 in. Style-arms with broad conical tips. Achenes glabrous; pappus copious, 
1 in., white, reddish at the base.—In the connate invol. bracts this and W. nana tech- 
nically accord with the genus Werncria, but in many respects they seem to approach 
both to Senecio, sect. Ligularia, and to Cremanthodium, differing from the former in 
foliage, and from the latter in the erect heads. 
Tarse VIII. CALENDULACEIE. 
82. CALENDULA, Linn. 
Annual or perennial herbs. eaves alternate, entire or sinuate-toothed. 
-Heads terminal, peduncled, heterogamous, rayed, yellow or orange; ray-fl. 9, 
1-2-seriate, fertile, ligules entire or 3-toothed ; disk-fl. 5, sterile, tubular, limb 
dilated shortly 5-fid. Involuere broad; bracts 1-2-seriate, linear, acuminate, 
subequal, margin often scarious; receptacle flat, naked. Anther-bases sagittate, 
auricles acuminate or tailed. Style-arms of tj undivided. Achenes glabrous, of 
the ray incurved, 2-3-seriate, heteromorphous, outermost often empty, the next 
broader often winged, inner shorter; of the disk slender, empty; pappus 0.— 
DıstRIB. Species about 10, S. Europe, N. Africa, and W. Asia. 
1. C. officinalis, Linn.; DC. Prodr. vi. 451; annual, erect, hispidly 
pubescent, lower leaves spathulate quite entire, upper lanceolate base cordate- 
amplexicaul toothed or subentire, achenes all curved boat-shaped dorsally muri- 
cate not beaked, outer larger ventrally crested scarcely beaked. Clarke Comp. 
Ind. 210; Bot. Mag. t. 3204. 
Fields in the PuxzAs and Scrnp, scarcely indigenous; Peshawur, Aitchison.—D1s- 
TRIB. Affghanistan, and westward to S. Europe. 
