360 LXXVIII, COMPOSITÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cousinia. 
calcitrapiformis, Jaub. § Spach. Ill. Pl. Or. i. 157, t. 158; Clarke Comp. Ind. 
213. C. avalensis, Bunge Pl. Lehm. 352. 
The Doan, at Hazara, Stewart, &c.—DisTRIB. Affghanistan, Beluchistan, and 
Persia. 
A small rigid herb, with spreading branches. Leaves cobwebby on both surfaces, 
Heads small, numerous ; invol. bracts stellately spreading. Pappus very deciduous, 
hairs scabrid. 
** Bristles of the receptacle more or less rough. 
2. C. Thomsoni, Clarke Comp. Ind. 213; tall, stout, erect, cottony, stem 
not winged, branched, radical leaves petioled linear deeply interruptedly pinna- 
tifid cobwebby above densely white-tomentose beneath, segments horizontal 
triangular with a stout nerve and rigid long spine, cauline ovate-lanceolate sessile 
or auricled, heads 13-2 in. diam. terminal peduneled, invol. bracts woolly nume- 
rous 3-13 in. long triangular-lanceolate ending in a stiff spreading or recurved 
spine, inner linear scarious shining aristate, tip woolly, recept. hairs scabrid above, 
pappus scabrid. ©. Brandisii, Clarke l. c. 216. 
Western Hmataya; from Lahul to Kumaon, alt. 10—14,000 ft., Falconer, &c. 
Probably biennial; stem cottony all over, not shining. Radical leaves 5-10 by 
1-11 in.; segments sometimes forked or 3-sect at the base, with the lobes divaricating ; 
midrib very stout and glossy. Heads suberect or nodding; invol. bracts variable in 
length and stoutness, very rigid; receptacular bristles $ in. ; corolla glabrous, 3-8 in. 
long (1 in Clarke). Achenes obovoid, glabrous. 
3. C. Falconeri, Hook, f.; stout, erect, cottony, stem not winged 
branched, radical leaves petioled pinnatifid or j-pinnatifid cobwebby above 
densely white-tomentose beneath, segments horizontal triangular or lanceolate 
simple or lobulate, tip and lobes spinescent, heads 3-23 in. diam. sessile or sub- 
sessile solitary or fascicled, invol. bracts numerous woolly 1-14 in. long subulate- 
lanceolate ending in a stiff erect or spreading spine, inner linear aristate scarious 
shining, recept. hairs scabrid above. Cirsium, sp. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. d 
$ T. 
Western TinET, Falconer. Kisurwar, alt. 11,000 ft. Thomson, 
This is very near C. Thomsoni, but differs in the fascicled heads with straight 
invol. bracts, and in the broader usually less pinnatifid leaves with longer lobed seg- 
ments. 
4. C. auriculata, Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 502 ; cottony, stem corymbosely 
branched not winged, leaves glabrous or cobwebby above densely cottony be- 
neath, radical oblong-ovate obtuse serrulate, cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate 
sinuate or pinnatifid, tip and lobes strongly spinescent, heads 1-2 in. solitary 
peduncled, invol. bracts }-1} in. base very mali concave, spines very long stout 
spreading and recurved keeled deeply channelled above, inner scarious erect 
shining narrowly oblanceolate aristate margin above serrulate, receptacular 
bristles slender scabrid above twisted below. 
TRANs-INDvs Prams, alt. 6000 ft., and Kaspar valley (scarce), Stewart,—Distris, 
Affghanistan. 
The specimens are very imperfect, as are Griffith's, from which Boissier’s deserip- 
tion is taken. The pappus is, I think, very short or 0. 
5. €. microcarpa, Boiss. FI. Orient, iii. 496; biennial, sparsely cottony, 
stem rather slender dichotomously corymbosely branched and branches spinu- 
ously winged, leaves glabrate above cottony beneath, radical lyrate runcinate- 
pinnatifid segments toothed, cauline sessile linear-oblong irregularly pinnatifid 
and toothed, lobes and teeth spinescent, heads 1 in, diam. peduncled globose, 
