364 LXXVIII. coMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Cnicus. 
Var. 1. nepalensis; leaves white-tomentose beneath, heads peduneled, inner invol. 
bracts with broadly dilated scarious reflexed tips in many series more numerous 
than the outer spiniferous ones, sometimes occupying two thirds of the head. Cnicus 
arachnoides, Wall, Cat. 2891. C. Wallichii, Clarke Comp. Ind. 219. Cirsium 
nepalense, DC. Prodr. vi. 642. 
Van. 2, cernua; more slender, leaves white-tomentose beneath, heads peduneled, 
inner invol. braets in few series with narrowly dilated erect or reflexed tips, much 
fewer than the outer spiniferous ones and occupying nearly the whole head. C. 
argyracanthus, var. B, Clarke Comp. Ind. 218. C. cernuus, Wall. Cat. 2892. Cirsium 
Wallichii, DC. Prodr. vi. 643. 
Var. 3. glabrata; usually larger with more membranous leaves which are quite 
or nearly glabrous beneath, heads large fascicled or peduncled, inner invol. bracts 
numerous with long lanceolate or ovate spinescent tips. 
Van. 4. fasciculata; very spinous, leaves white-tomentose or cottony beneath, 
heads fascicled, inner invol. bracts with long lanceolate dilated spinescent tips. 
Var. 5. platylepis; very spinous, leaves sessile tomentose or glabrous beneath, 
heads usually fascicled, invol. bracts almost all short with broadly ovate spinescent 
tips.—Kashmir and Dras. 
Var. 6. Wightii; tall, much branched, leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath, heads 
large usually fascicled, inner row of bracts with dilated or hardly dilated lanceolate 
recurved tips. Cirsium argyracanthum, Wight Jc. t. 1137-8. C. maeracanthum, 
Schultz-Bip. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 1019.—From Simla to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., 
and Bhotan. This passes into C. argyracanthum. One Sikkim specimen has no 
obvious dilatation to the inner invol. bracts. 
*** Outer invol. bracts spinulose, inner linear with inflexed acute (not dilated) 
tips. 
8, C. sinensis, Gard. et Champ. in Hook, Kew Journ. 1323 (Cirsium) ; 
stem slender strict fastigiately branched above, branches slender erect, leaves 
narrow sessile linear-oblong or -lanceolate ciliate and spinescent smooth or 
seaberulous above white-tomentose beneath, heads solitary long-peduncled erect 
1 in. diam. glabrous or cottony, outer invol. bracts appressed oblong obtuse or 
tips spinulose inner linear with inflexed acute tips, corolla 4 in. purple. Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 219. 
Kuasta Mrs: in marshy places, alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.—DisTRrs. Upper 
Birma, China. 
Stem 3-6 ft., stiff, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves numerous, 2-5 in., the 
larger and longer sinuate-lobed, the lobes bearing 2-3 spines, the sinus spinulose, 
margins of the smaller leaves recurved, upper very small. Znvol. bracts very nume- 
rous and appressed, imbricate in many series. Achenes à mm. ` pappus A in. 
88, SILYBUM, (erin. 
An erect glabrous thistle. Leaves alternate, sinuate-lobed, spinescent, 
marbled with white. Heads large, solitary, terminal, nodding, homogamous ; 
flowers all , similar and fertile, purple, tube slender, limb dilated below 5-fid. 
Involucre subglobose ; bracts oo -seriate, broad and fimbriated with spines below 
above terminating in a spreading rigid spine, inner lanceolate erect pungent; re- 
ceptacle flat, densely bristly, Filaments glabrous, united in a sheath below ; 
anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate mucronate or shortly tailed. Style 
subentire, ring below the hairs not prominent. Achenes glabrous, obovoid- 
oblong, compressed, basal areole straight; pappus-hairs  -seriate, unequal, 
subpaleaceous, united at the base in a deciduous ring. 
S. Marianum, Gaertn, ` Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 556 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 616; 
Clarke Comp. Ind. 220; .Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 151. Carduus Marianus, 
Linn. 
