Saussurea.] LXXVIII. composira. (J. D. Hooker.) 373 
Secr. V. Blatze. Stems tall, leafy, simple below, corymbosely branched 
above. Leaves all cauline or radical and cauline. Meads erect or suberect 
numerous in branched corymbs all peduncled; invol. bracts rigid, anther-tails 
fimbriate or subentire. Pappus very slender, outer bristles 0. 
* Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, cottony beneath ; heads broad erect or suberect. 
97. S. affinis, Spreng. mss. in DC. Prodr. vi. 540; stem 2-8 ft. simple 
below and inflorescence glabrous, leaves lyrate-pinnatifid cottony beneath 
radical petioled cauline sessile uppermost sinuate-lobed or entire, heads long- 
peduncled in large open panicled corymbs, invol. bracts glabrate outer ovate 
obtuse or acute inner lanceolate acuminate, recept. bristles long, achenes smooth 
10-ribbed, outer pappus 0. Clarke Comp. Ind. 232. Aplotaxis multicaulis, 
DC. in Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 68; Prodr. vi. 540. A. carthamoides, Ham. in 
DC.l.c. A. Bungei, DC. l.c. 539. Hemistepha lyrata, Bunge in Fisch. et 
Mey. Ind. Sem. ii. 1835, 38. Serratula multicaulis, Wall. Cat. 2897. 8. car- 
thamoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 60; Fl. Ind. iii. 407. Cnicus carthamoides, 
Wall. Cat. 2896. Cirsium lyratum, Bunge Enum. Pl. Chin. 36. 
BENGAL; from Silhet to the foot of the Nipal Hills. Dax: Saluen River, 
Wallich.—Disr&rs. China, Japan. 
Annual, stem sometimes as thick as the little finger, and peduncles grooved. 
Leaves, radical 4-8 in., membranous, glabrous or puberulous above. Heads 1 in, diam. 
or less; invol. bracts pale, rarely a little cottony ; corolla 4 in. long, very slender, 
pale red; anther-tails short, fimbriate. <Achenes j5; inj obovoid, tip contracted ; 
pappus hairs 4 in., very slender, white. 
98. S, candicans, Clarke Comp. Ind. 932; stem 2-5 ft. simple below 
and inflorescence cottony, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong entire or sinuate- 
toothed or lobulate at the base or lyrate-pinnatifid glabrous or pubescent above 
cottony or white tomentose rarely glabrous beneath, heads long-peduncled in 
large open panicled corymbs, invol. bracts cottony or pubescent lanceolate 
acuminate, recept. bristles long, achenes 5-angled muricate, outer pappus 0. 
S. brahuica, Boiss. FV. Orient. iii. 566. Aplotaxis candicans, DC. Prodr. vi. 
540. A. scaposa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Su, xx. 76, Cnicus candicans, 
Wall. Cat. 2893 A. C. D. Cirsium heteromallum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 372. 
Carduus heteromallus, Don Prodr. 166, excl. syn. Roxb. 
SUBTROPICAL and TEMPERATE Western Inpra and the Hiwaraya; from the Salt 
Range, Hazara and Kashmir to Dhotan, alt. 2-7000 ft.—Drsrnim. Affghanistan. 
A more robust plant than S. affinis, with less divided leaves, larger heads, and 
very different aehenes. Leaves sometimes 18 by 5 in, Heads 1-1} in. diam. ; corolla 
upwards of } in. long; anther-tailslacerate. Achenes } in., top cupular, very variable 
as to rugosity ; pappus-hairs very slender, white, equalling the corolla.—Small speci- 
mens are scapose and even 1-headed. 
99. S. foliosa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 77 (Aplotaxis); stem 
1-2 ft. copiously branched ‘leafy and inflorescence pubescent, leaves 3-4 in. 
lyrate-pinnatifid puberulous above cottony beneath lobes rounded, heads small 
J in. on slender long axillary and terminal peduncles, invol. bracts very slender 
with acicular points, recept. bristles long, achenes obtusely 4-angled smooth or 
somewhat tubercled, outer pappus O. 
Western HiMALAYA; Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeworth, Strach. § 
Winterb. 
Referred by Clarke to S. candicans, but I think quite distinct in habit, and 
especially in the small heads with almost subulate bracts, the very small corollas, and 
short pappus, neither of which exceed } in. 
