376 LXXVIII COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Saussurea. 
Sect. VI. Lappa. Tall, very stout herbs; stem 4-10 ft., simple below. 
Heads corymbose or fascicled or solitary and terminal or axillary; outer invol. 
bracts broad, rigid ; recept. bristles very long, sometimes exceeding the involucre, 
Pappus double, outer hairs feathery. 
35. S. Lappa, Clarke Comp. Ind. 233; stem tall very robust simple 
ubescent above, leaves membranous scaberulous above glabrate beneath irregu- 
rly toothed, radical very large triangular with a long lobately-winged petiole, 
cauline shorter petioled or sessile with an auricled j-amplexicaul base, heads 
subglobose 1-13 in. diam. sessile axillary or in a terminal cluster of 2-5, invol. 
bracts very many ovate-lanceolate acuminate rigid squarrosely recurved glabrous, 
recept. bristles very long, achenes compressed tip narrowed, pappus double hairs 
all feathery. Aplotaxis Lappa, Dene in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 00, t. 104. Aucklandia 
Costus, Falconer in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 93. 
Kasumrr, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Falconer, Ee. 
Stem 6-7 ft., as thick as the little finger below. Radical leaves with the petiole 2-3 
ft. long, terminal lobe often a foot in diameter; cauline 6-12 in. long with the petiole. 
Heads very hard ; invol. bracts numerous, purple, young pubescent ; recept. bristles $ 
in.; corolla dark purple, 2 in. long; anther-tails fimbriate. Achenes upwards of Än. 
curved, compressed, with thickened margins and one rib on each face, top eontracted 
and cupped; pappus hairs 3 in., brown.—Supposed to be the Costus of the ancients, 
and used largely as a medicine in India, but its properties have never been investi- 
gated. 
SunaEN. II. Eriocoryne. Densely woolly herbs. Stems simple, clavate. 
Heads very numerous, sessile and densely crowded on the flat usually hollow 
dilated top of the stem, often concealed by woolly floral leaves. Achenes crowned 
by the hardened disk and base of the style. 
36. S. gossypiphora, Don Prodr. 168; densely clothed with long 
white or yellowish matted wool, stem 6-12 in. simple clavate leafy, leaves sessile 
linear remotely toothed or runcinate-pinnatifid usually glabrous above glabrous 
or woolly beneath, heads concealed, invol. bracts linear-oblong shining, achenes 
à in. narrow 4-5-angled and compressed, outer pappus hairs few scabrid numerous 
or 0. Wall, Cat. 2020 A. S. gossypina, Wall. Pl. As. Rar, ii. 32, t. 138; 
Clarke Comp. Ind. 228 (excl. syn.). Aplotaxis gossypina, DC. Prodr. vi. 541. 
Eriocoryne nidularis, Wall. mss. 
ArPINE Ifimaraya; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 14-17,000 ft. 
Root perennial (or biennial ?), spongy, fusiform, simple or forked. Stem hollow 
throughout, often 4 in. broad at the truncate top, base clothed with membranous black 
shining remains of leaf-bases, leafy throughout and covered often 1 in. thick with 
wool. Leaves 1-6 by 1-3 in., sometimes 2-pinnatifid; lobes or teeth distant. Heads 
very many, 3-1 in. long, cylindric; invol. bracts short, erect, pubescent or woolly 
above or glabrous and shining throughout ; receptacle pitted, bristles about equalling 
the achenes; corolla v4 in., straight, limb equalling the tube, lobes short; anthers 
half included, tails slender, nearly entire. Achenes à in. long, narrowly obovoid, com- 
pressed, brown, crowned with a tumid hardened disk and beaked by the style-base.— 
One of the most singular Himalayan plants, with the habit of Crepis glomerata. 
Wallich (in Plant. Asiat.) changed Don's clumsy name for the more euphonious gossy- 
pina, but having adopted the former in his catalogue, I feel obliged to retain it, 
97. S. sacra, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 76; densely woolly, stem 
4-6 in. simple clavate, leaves sessile linear pinnatifid, heads exposed, invol. 
bracts lanceolate, achenes 5-3 in. 4-6-angled smooth or warted, outer pappus 
hairs scabrid few numerous or 0. S. gossypiphora, Wall. Cat. 2910 B. 
ALPINE HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft. 
I greatly doubt this being specifically distinet from G. gossypiphora, with which 
